Sociodemographic and Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Mortality in the United States, 2009-2013

Abstract

TB patients with certain risk factors have an elevated risk of TB-specific mortality and should be monitored before, during, and after treatment. Identifying the predictors of TB-specific mortality may help public health authorities determine which subpopulations to target and where to allocate resources.

Characteristics and predictors for tuberculosis related mortality in Denmark from 2009 through 2014: A retrospective cohort study

“…It is well documented that patients with multidrug resistance (MDR) / extensively drugresistant (XDR) TB have an increased risk of death during treatment [12,21,33,34]. We were not able to demonstrate this association, only one patient with MDR-TB died during treatment; hence patients with drug resistant TB did not contribute significantly to the mortality rate, which is in line with an earlier Danish study [35].…”

Epidemiological, clinical and mechanistic perspectives of tuberculosis in older people

“…In Japan, the treatment success rates for older and younger people in 2007 were 71% and 87%, respectively, and the death rates were 21% versus 3%, respectively . Aside from smoking and DM, other factors contributing to adverse outcomes in geriatric TB include delayed treatment, end‐stage renal disease, immunosuppression, malignancy, poor nutrition with low albumin level and decreased activity of daily living …”

“…In Japan, the treatment success rates for older and younger people in 2007 were 71% and 87%, respectively, and the death rates were 21% versus 3%, respectively. 12 Aside from smoking and DM, other factors contributing to adverse outcomes in geriatric TB include delayed treatment, 34 endstage renal disease, 35 immunosuppression, 35 malignancy, 36 poor nutrition with low albumin level and decreased activity of daily living. 37 Older patients are more likely to experience antituberculosis drug-induced adverse reactions, as a result of polypharmacy related to co-morbidities, as well as physiological and pathological changes from ageing and concomitant diseases, respectively, such as renal, hepatic and other organ dysfunctions.…”

Determinants of unsuccessful treatment outcomes and mortality among tuberculosis patients in Malaysia: A registry-based cohort study

“…Worldwide, studies had investigated on TB treatment outcomes by looking into factors that were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes as well as mortality among TB patients [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Important predictive factors reported include patients' sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education levels, employment), underlying comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as well as TB disease profile/ factors (sputum and radiological findings, site of TB infection, history of previous TB treatment).…”

“…Findings from studies investigating on TB treatment outcomes invariably differ according to the local settings of TB patients' population [8][9][10][11][12][13]. It is therefore apt to perform cohort analyses in the local context, from time to time, to monitor the TB treatment outcomes and provide feedback on the national TB control program [3,14].…”