Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Cryptorchidism in Live Births in Brazil: A 20-Year Analysis

Abstract

Background: Cryptorchidism is a congenital disorder that causes an irregularity in the permanent or temporary descent of one or both testicles. In Brazil, there are no comprehensive studies describing the association of demographic, social, and clinical characteristics in relation to cryptorchidism.Objectives: This study aims to verify possible associations of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with cryptorchidism.Design and Methods: An analytical, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out based on secondary data of 5,168 live births with cryptorchidism recorded in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), Brazil from 1999 to 2018. The socio-demographic factors analyzed were the geographic region, age, education and marital status of the mothers. The clinical factors analyzed were the duration and type of pregnancy. The place of birth was also analyzed as a secondary outcome.Results: This research analyzed all live births during the study period, in Brazil. The chance of cryptorchidism in the neonate is more common in women who become pregnant later (≥30 years of age) and with a higher level of education (≥8 years). The risk of cryptorchidism in relation to the federation units is higher in Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina. Regarding the clinical characteristics, the shorter pregnancies, which characterize premature births, are a risk for the appearance of cryptorchidism in the country.Conclusion: Thus, in this study, we found that sociodemographic and clinical factors have specific characteristics that predict cryptorchidism in newborns in Brazil.

Influence of social, demographic, and clinical factors in live births with spinal dysraphism in Brazil: an ecological study of 21 years

“…Thus, it a rms the concept that without adequate prenatal care, pregnant women do not have, by extension, adequate prevention and care for diseases, including spinal dysraphism. In this sense, the absence of prenatal care makes it di cult to carry out PNSF, [14] which may result in an increase in cases.…”

“…Another limitation is the change in deadlines and items in billing spreadsheets, reducing standardization in the collection, and late release of data on the platform [14].…”

Open controversies on the treatment of undescended testis: An update

“…One study reported that the rate of testicular atrophy did not increase after early surgical intervention ( 46 ). In addition, research has shown that delaying treatment may affect fertility-related spermatogenesis and hormone secretion in adulthood and potentially the occurrence of tumors ( 47 , 48 ). Kollin et al ( 49 ) conducted a randomized controlled study of 72 boys with cryptorchidism who underwent surgical treatment at the age of 9 months and 83 boys who underwent surgery at the age of 3 years.…”

Predictors of Testicular Cancer Mortality in Brazil: A 20-Year Ecological Study

“…Particularly in Brazil, studies show that the risk of cryptorchidism is increased in some states, such as São Paulo, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, and Santa Catarina. Although the Southeast region has the highest prevalence, only the São Paulo federation units showed increased risk [ 13 ]. In addition, the use of pesticides is a factor that has been linked to this increased risk.…”