Socio-epidemiological characterization of human leptospirosis in the Federal District, Brazil, 2011-2015

Santos, Ivanildo de Oliveira Correia; Landi, Marina Frota de Albuquerque; Lima, Eduardo Maurício Mendes de; Cruz, Laurício Monteiro; Bofill, Maria Isabel Rao; Santos, Divino Eterno dos; Castro, Márcio Botelho de

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0188-2017

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…With approximately 200 million inhabitants, Brazil is among the most populous countries in the world, approximately 6% of the population reside in slums and while poverty levels have significantly reduced, almost 10 million people live on less than US$2 a day This population group is the most vulnerable to leptospirosis and other povertyrelated infections. Previous studies have highlighted the influence of gender and age on the distribution of leptospirosis in Brazil (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease that affects humans and animals with a higher incidence in the tropics and subtropics. In that context, the aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of the epidemiology and sociodemographic factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil. The analysis conducted in this study was based to age, gender, area, schooling, region and skin colour reported by Ministry of Health from National Disease Notification System (SINAN) and National Survey of Household Samples (PNAD) database of Brazil, during the period 2007 to 2014. A total of 22,889 cases were reported, the majority of which were registered in male and urban area, more than 70% and 80%, respectively. The greatest number of cases occur in patients with age group between 20-39 years. However, there was a significant increase in children between 0 and 9 (p = 2.8×10-7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) years old. The North region highlighted in relation to the other regions of the country, with a significant increase (p = 2.4×10-11) in the number of cases. An epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis is important in Brazil once the incidence of disease is increasing in children and the elderly. We also show are essential efforts between medical and governmental institutions to improve the quality of data. Understand the disease trends can be providing insights into the prevention and control of leptospirosis in Brazil and others development countries. Análise da incidência de leptospirose humana no Brasil RESUMO Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa negligenciada, que afeta humanos e animais com maior incidência nos países tropicais e subtropicais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência de análise temporal e fatores sociodemográficos da leptospirose em humana no Brasil. A análise realizada neste estudo foi baseada na idade, sexo, área, escolaridade, região e cor da pele. Os dados obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Doenças (SINAN) organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD) do Brasil, durante no período de 2007 a 2014. Foram relatados 22.889 casos, sendo a maioria destes registrados em homens e em área urbana, mais de 70% e mais de 80% dos casos, respectivamente. O maior número de casos ocorreu em pacientes com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos. No entanto, houve um aumento significativo em crianças com idade entre 0 e 9 (p = 2.8×10 7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) anos. A região Norte se destacou em relação as demais regiões do país, com um aumento significativo dos casos (p = 2.4×10-11). A vigilância epidemiológica da leptospirose no Brasil é importante, uma vez que a incidência da doença está aumentando em crianças e idosos. Também mostramos que são necessários esforços essenciais entre instituições médicas e governamentais para melhorar a qualidade dos dados. A análise de tendência temporal da doença pode fornecer informações sobre a prevenção e controle da leptospirose no Brasi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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“…At the same time, natural conditions and rodent population have a secondary role in the occurrence of leptospirosis among animals. In contrast to animals, the main cause of infection in humans are rodents (rats and mice) (Stepna et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2018), insufficient rodent control and natural conditions. The main path of infection with Leptospira in Ukraine to humans, in contrast to leptospirosis of animals, is through water (swimming, fishing, working in wet areas, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis causes huge economic losses in animal husbandry because of its significant incidence among animals, leading to mass abortions and a large number of still births, a decrease in animal productivity, and significant costs incurred in diagnostic research, treatment and prophylactic and quarantine measures (Hartskeerl et al, 2011;Pavlenko et al, 2011). Leptospirosis is a disease of great social significance because leptospirosis infected animals and host animals pose a direct threat to public health, characterized by high mortality of patients in recent years (Santos et al, 2018). Leptospirosis has been reported in over 150 mammalian species (Malalana et al, 2017;Brown et al, 2018;Miyama et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of incidence of leptospirosis among farm animals and humans in Ukraine

Ukhovskyi

Vydayko

Aliekseieva³

et al. 2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Leptospirosis remains one of the most widespread natural-focal, zoonotic infectious diseases in the world and in Ukraine. Leptospirosis is enzootic in the entire territory of Ukraine. Cases of diseases are registered in all regions of Ukraine. We initiated a study of comparative analysis of territorial distribution of leptospirosis outbreaks among animals and incidence in humans in Ukraine covering the years 2009–2016 inclusive. This study of the incidence of leptospirosis in Ukraine shows a significant circulation of leptospirosis both among humans and animals. Among cattle herds in Ukraine the percentage of positive animals was found to be 4.2% of the surveyed population. The dominant serovars of Leptospira were kabura (12.4%) and polonica (9.5%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 5.1%, bratislava – 4.9%, copenhageni – 4.1%, grippotyphosa – 2.4%, pomona – 1.1%, canicola – 1.0%. In pigs, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 3.2%, the dominant serovars of Leptospira were bratislava (29.1%) and copenhageni (25.1%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 4.3%, canicola – 3.0%, pomona – 2.7%, grippotyphosa – 1.3%, polonica – 1.2%, kabura – 0.6%. In horses, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 9.5% of the surveyed population. The serological range of Leptospira in horses was as follows: copenhageni – 14.2%, bratislava – 12.1%, canicola – 6.8%, grippotyphosa – 4.8%, tarassovi – 4.7%, pomona – 2.1%, kabura – 1.4%, polonica – 1.3%. Analysis of the results of research indicates extensive circulation of leptospirosis among humans in Ukraine as evidenced by the percentage of humans positively responding to MAT – 12.1% of the studied samples. The etiological structure of leptospirosis cases includes all the 14 serovars of the diagnostic set. The basis of the etiological spectrum was the serovar copenhageni – 37.3%. The share of other serovars as the etiological factor of leptospirosis in humans was different in different spans of the considered period. Most frequently, those were kabura – 12.3%, grippotyphosa – 11.7%, canicola – 9.5%, pomona – 9.1%. We mapped annual incidence of leptospirosis in animals and humans. Choropleth maps of annual leptospirosis incidence and cluster maps show opposite spatial patterns for animals and humans. The highest human rates were in the western and central parts of the country while the highest animal rates were mainly in the eastern part.

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“…This provides an ideal setting for a leptospirosis outbreak, due to direct contact with flooding, soil runoff, and sewage overflow contaminated by urine from synanthropic rodents and other animals (Schneider et al, 2017). Favourable conditions for synanthropic rodents and association with rainy season have been identified in human and captive NHP leptospirosis (Baitchman et al, 2006;Costa et al, 2015;Fear et al, 1968;Gonzalez-Astudillo et al, 2015;Perolat et al, 1992;Reid et al, 1993;Shive et al, 1969;Szonyi et al, 2011;Santos et al, 2018). Despite limitations to identifying the serovar due to necropsy sampling only, epidemiological findings observed in the PIP suggest that synanthropic rodents were the most likely source of infection in the marmoset.…”

Section: Epidemiologic and Environmental Risk Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is prevalent in Latin American countries (Schneider et al, 2017); the disease is endemic in Brazil and is one of the most rel-evant acute haemorrhagic diseases with high case numbers (annual average of 3734 cases, lethality rate of 8.7%) (Brasil, 2021) associated with behavioural and socio-environmental factors, and transmission in urbanized environments (Brasil, 2021;Santos et al, 2018).…”

Section: One Health Implications: the Human-animal-environment Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology and One Health implications of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free‐ranging, black‐tufted marmoset ( Callithrix penicillata ) in Brazil

Wilson

Ritter

Martines

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic neglected disease of worldwide public health concern. Leptospira species can infect a wide range of wild and domestic mammals and lead to a spectrum of disease, including severe and fatal forms. Herein, we report for the first time a fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in a free-ranging nonhuman primate (NHP), a black-tufted marmoset. Icterus, pulmonary haemorrhage, interstitial nephritis, and hepatocellular dissociation were the main findings raising the suspicion of leptospirosis. Diagnostic confirmation was based on specific immunohistochemical and PCR assays for Leptospira species. Immunolocalization of leptospiral antigens and identification of pathogenic species (L. interrogans species) were important for better understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. One Health-related implications of freeranging NHPs in anthropized areas and transmission dynamics of human and animal leptospirosis are discussed.

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Socio-epidemiological characterization of human leptospirosis in the Federal District, Brazil, 2011-2015

Abstract: In the DF, preventive measures should be concentrated on economically active male adults of social classes C, D, and E with the aim of promoting health.

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Comparative analysis of incidence of leptospirosis among farm animals and humans in Ukraine

Pathology and One Health implications of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free‐ranging, black‐tufted marmoset ( Callithrix penicillata ) in Brazil

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