Socio‐emotional adjustment in elementary school boys and girls: Does giftedness make a difference?

Intellectual Giftedness and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents

“…All but six studies were conducted in the United States, with two carried out in France (Guénolé et al, 2013; Guignard et al, 2012), two in Germany (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Rost & Czeschlik, 1994), one in Israel (Milgram & Milgram, 1976), and one in Pakistan (Riaz et al, 2013). Of the 12 studies, six conducted in the United States (Field et al, 1998; Gallucci, 1989; Gallucci et al, 1999; Merrell & Gill, 1994; Mueller, 2009; Nail & Evans, 1997) included representative ethnic compositions.…”

“…Of the 18 studies, four utilized only group-administered ability tests (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Ludwig & Cullinan, 1984; Messier & Ward, 1998; Rost & Czeschlik, 1994), with only one of these being not culture-free (Ludwig & Cullinan, 1984). Two studies used a combination of individually administered and culture-free group-administered tests (Guignard et al, 2012; Milgram & Milgram, 1976), two studies used unspecified tests that yielded an IQ value (Kramer, 1987; Nail & Evans, 1997), and the final 10 studies used individually administered tests.…”

“…With regard to psychopathology measures, three studies utilized only teacher-rated measures (Ludwig & Cullinan, 1984; Merrell & Gill, 1994; Nail & Evans, 1997) and two studies used parent-rated measures (Gallucci et al, 1999; Guénolé et al, 2013). Three studies employed a combination of measures, with one study using parent- and teacher-rated measures (Shaywitz et al, 2001), one using parent- and self-measures (Rost & Czeschlik, 1994), and two using a combination of parent-, teacher-, and self-rated measures (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Gallucci, 1989). The remaining nine studies utilized participant self-report tools.…”

“…Findings from 12 of the 18 studies indicated that overall intellectually gifted young people compared to nonintellectually gifted peers appeared to be less prone to anxiety (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Feldhusen & Klausmeier, 1962; Kramer, 1987; Milgram & Milgram, 1976; Rost & Czeschlik, 1994) with fewer or equal numbers of behavior problems (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Gallucci et al, 1999; Ludwig & Cullinan, 1984; Rost & Czeschlik, 1994). They also appeared to display higher levels of interpersonal skills (Lehman & Erdwins, 1981; Ludwig & Cullinan, 1984; Merrell & Gill, 1994) and adjustment (Riaz et al, 2013).…”

“…Nine studies included parent and/or teacher scores, which may have been sensitive to bias due to a halo effect. However, such a bias may be diminished by using more than one rater and assessing interrater reliability, thereby creating a degree of objectivity (Czeschlik & Rost, 1994; Gallucci, 1989; Rost & Czeschlik, 1994; Shaywitz et al, 2001). None of the studies included objective measures, such as behavioral observations, hence possibly increasing the risk of detection bias.…”