Socio-economic status of boreal communities in Canada

Patriquin, Mike N.; Parkins, John R.; Stedman, Richard C.

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpm014

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The findings in earlier studies in Canada have often revealed the regressive impacts of forestry dominance, primarily due to dependence on logging, on economic well-being, including high poverty rates and unemployment (Freudenburg and Gramling, 1994;Overdevest and Green, 1995;Patriquin et al, 2007;Stedman et al, 2004;2005). Leake et al (2006), for instance, found that forest dependence in Canadian communities had a significant positive correlation with the unemployment rate and an increase in the poverty of households over the period 1986 -1996.…”

Section: Changing Spatial Patterns Of Wealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry life cycles of a resource town in Finland – the case of Lieksa

Halonen

Kotilainen

Tykkyläinen

et al. 2015

European Countryside

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Abstract:The article aims to show how local industry life cycles impact the development of Finnish resource-based rural towns. This study reveals five long-term and overlapping industry cycles which were based on natural resources, assembly industries and service production. In general, the cycles have shortened over time.Transitions from cycle to cycle were enabled by the phases of resilience, which were highly dependent on political and economic processes at different scales. However, the political interventions of the last decades were unable to compensate for the disadvantages in competitiveness of this remote area and lay sustainable foundations for new industries. In the long run, the only exception has been the forest-related processing industry which has a capacity to renew its own operations and adapt to changing market situations. The results demonstrate the high significance of absolute advantage in rural development.Keywords: industry life cycles; resource dependence; local resilience; employment; regional policy; forested areas; Finland Abstrakti: Suomalaisten resurssiperustaisten maaseutukuntien kehitykseen ovat vaikuttaneet keskeisesti paikallisten toimialojen elinkaaret. Tutkimuskohteessa havaitut viisi toisiinsa limittyvää sykliä ovat perustuneet paikallisiin luonnonvaroihin, tuotuja raakaaineita ja puolivalmisteita käyttävään teollisuuteen ja palvelujen tuotantoon. Teollisella kaudella yksittäisen elinkaaren pituus on lyhentynyt. Syklistä toiseen siirtymiseen ovat vaikuttaneet eritasoiset poliittiset ja taloudelliset uusiutumisvaiheet. Viime vuosikymmenten poliittiset interventiot eivät ole kyenneet kompensoimaan tutkitun resurssiperiferian heikkoa kilpailukykyä ja luomaan kestävää perustaa uusille aloille. Parhaiten muuttuviin markkinatilanteisiin on sopeutunut paikallisia luonnonvaroja jalostava metsäteollisuus.

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Section: Changing Spatial Patterns Of Wealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry life cycles of a resource town in Finland – the case of Lieksa

Halonen

Kotilainen

Tykkyläinen

et al. 2015

European Countryside

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“…Indicators of socio-economic status by CSD used in this study consisted of median family income, poverty rates, unemployment rates, and educational attainment levels following the methodology used by Patriquin et al (2007) and earlier, Parkins et al (2006) and Stedman et al (2004). In the absence of a single generally agreed upon indicator of status in the literature, we chose to use median family income and the unemployment rate as alternative dependent variables in the regression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with a triad approach to land management, the senate sub-committee also made recommendations about the establishment of 6 new national parks in the boreal forest and the initiation of discussions with the provinces to negotiate a formal agreement with respect to managing parks and adjacent lands on an ecosystem basis. Patriquin et al (2007) highlighted the policy debate and provided socio-economic context through a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between resource dependence and socio-economic status in the boreal region of Canada. They discussed 3 main findings: 1) even within the boreal region of Canada, labour income from the forest sector was a relatively small proportion of total labour income in 2001 and accounted for 3.5% of total direct employment; 2) socio-economic status in boreal communities was lower than rural communities in the rest of Canada and the gap widened over time; and 3) although the presence of forestry and other resource sectors was positively correlated with family income in the boreal, the employment relationships were more uneven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing home the bacon: Industry, employment, and income in boreal Canada

Patriquin¹,

Parkins²,

Stedman³

2009

The Forestry Chronicle

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Questions about the contribution of forestry to the socio-economic status of Canadian boreal communities have risen to the fore as debates have emerged about extending areas of protection in the region. Our previous research showed that boreal communities tend to be worse off socio-economically than other Canadian rural communities, and that labour income from the forest industry is relatively small. Because boreal development and protection initiatives are likely to be province-specific, this paper uses 2001 Statistics Canada data to examine the socio-economic status of boreal communities and the relationship between forest dependence and status-by province. We find a generally positive relationship between forest sector employment and employment income across the boreal region, but no such positive relationship between forest employment and unemployment rates, suggesting that the particular indicator chosen to represent wellbeing is a crucial consideration. Further, we see a great deal of inter-provincial variation in the relative importance of resource industries, suggesting the utility of province-specific and joint national initiatives. Finally, although the forest sector looms large in the collective psyche of the boreal region, we find diversified employment: other sectors (i.e., energy, agriculture, and hospitality) make a significant contribution to the economy of boreal communities.Key words: community status, well-being, forest dependence, forest policy, triad land management, boreal forest RÉSUMÉLes questions portant sur la contribution de la foresterie au statut socio-économique des communautés du Canada en milieu boréal se sont retrouvées au coeur de l'actualité lorsque les débats se sont ouverts sur l' extension des zones de protection dans cette région forestière. Nos recherches précédentes avaient indiqué que les communautés en milieu boréal tendent à être plus mal en point au niveau socio-économique que les autres communautés rurales du Canada et que les revenus d' emploi tirés de la foresterie sont relativement modestes. Compte tenu que les initiatives de développement et de protection en milieu boréal sont somme toute spécifiques à chaque province, cet article réfère aux données de Statistiques Canada de 2001 pour examiner l' état socio-économique des communautés du milieu boréal, ainsi que la relation entre la dépendance envers la forêt et le statut et ce, par province. Nous avons observé généralement une relation positive entre les emplois du secteur forestier et les revenus d' emploi pour tout le milieu boréal, mais pas de relation similaire positive entre les emplois du secteur et le taux de chômage, ce qui laisse entendre que l'indice spécifique choisi pour représenter le bien-être constitue un élément déterminant. De plus, nous avons remarqué un fort niveau de variation inter-provinciale de l'importance relative des industries à base de ressources, démontrant l'utilité des initiatives spécifiques des provinces et des initiatives conjointes de niveau national. Finalement, même si...

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“…For rural Finland, this has meant that unemployment has remained high, reflecting structural problems and a lack of opportunities for economic diversification. Sparsely populated areas in the north of the European Union are examples of the areas which face high unemployment and relative low incomes (Gløersen et al 2005 Patriquin et al 2007). The decline in rural economies is normally said to be due to a combination of local factors such as a small, declining and ageing population, distant location, a weak infrastructure of communications and services, and industries that are in their mature stage (Markey et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root causes of rural decline in economic well-being in Finland

Lehtonen¹,

Tykkyläinen²,

Voutilainen³

2012

European Countryside

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This paper analyses how dependence on primary production, distance, climatic conditions and the intensity of land use bring about variations in economic well-being in rural areas. The conventional interpretation in Finland often concludes that economic well-being declines as dependence on primary production increases. The potential oversimplification implied by this statement was studied by testing the explanatory power of distance from the nearest large city, effective temperature sum and the proportion of fields in a comparative setting. The results revealed that economic well-being in rural Finland is best explained by the effective temperature sum, followed by distance, dependence on primary production and the proportion of fields. The only element of well-being which is determined chiefly by dependence on primary production is educational capital, causing a bottleneck preventing rural areas from becoming competitive and hence attractive to new knowledge-intensive industries. These results cast light on the spatial conditions under which the current economic evolution towards a service and knowledge society is taking place and on the spatial manifestations of remnant economic structures in disadvantageous locations. Keywords: Well-being, rural development, quantitative methods, FinlandYhteenveto: Tässä artikkelissa tutkimme, kuinka riippuvuus alkutuotannosta, etäisyydestä, ilmastosta ja maankäytöstä on yhteydessä maaseutualueiden taloudelliseen hyvinvointiin Suomessa. Tutkimuksemme pohjautuu perinteiseen näkemykseen siitä, että taloudellinen hyvinvointi vähentyy alkutuotantoriippuvuuden lisääntyessä. Tätä oletusta tutkimme eksploratiivisesti testaamalla kolmen selittävän muuttujan selitysvoimaa suhteessa alkutuotantoriippuvuuteen. Käytetyt selittävät muuttujat olivat alueen etäisyys lähimpään suureen kaupunkiin, tehoisa lämpösumma ja peltopinta-alan osuus alueen pinta-alasta. Tulokset paljastavat, että taloudellinen hyvinvointi maaseudulla on parhaiten selitetty ilmastoa kuvaavalla tehokkaalla lämpösummalla, toiseksi parhaiten alueen sijainnilla eli etäisyydellä suureen kaupunkiin, ja vasta kolmanneksi parhaiten alkutuotantoriippuvuudella. Heikoin selittäjä hyvinvoinnille oli peltopinta-alan osuus maapinta-alasta. Ainoa hyvinvoinnin osatekijä, joka määrittyi selkeästi riippuvuudesta alkutuotantoon, oli koulutuksellinen pääoma. Tuloksemme valottavat spatiaalisia olosuhteita, joissa talouden evoluutio kohti palvelu-ja tietoyhteiskuntaa tapahtuu, ja paljastavat epäsuotuisten sijaintien merkityksen taloudellisessa hyvinvoinnissa.Avainsanat: Hyvinvointi, maaseudun kehitys, kvantitatiiviset menetelmät, Suomi

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Socio-economic status of boreal communities in Canada

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Industry life cycles of a resource town in Finland – the case of Lieksa

Industry life cycles of a resource town in Finland – the case of Lieksa

Bringing home the bacon: Industry, employment, and income in boreal Canada

Root causes of rural decline in economic well-being in Finland

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