Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America

Dribe, Martin; Breschi, Marco; Gagnon, Alain; Gauvreau, Danielle; Hanson, Heidi A.; Maloney, Thomas N.; Mazzoni, Stanislao; Molitoris, Joseph; Pozzi, Lucia; Smith, Ken R.; Vézina, Hélène

doi:10.1080/00324728.2016.1253857

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The results obtained in this study are similar to those observed in studies conducted in other countries [15,18,30,31,32,33], despite the disparate methods used to estimate them. Analysis of changes in the patterns of reproductive behaviour during the period of 1995-2014 indicated a similar shift in the age of highest fertility, from 20-24 to 25-29 years, both in rural and urban areas; but in rural areas this process proceeded with several years of delay compare to urban areas.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthssupporting

confidence: 81%

Study on changing patterns of reproductive behaviours due to maternal features and place of residence in Poland during 1995–2014

Genowska¹,

Szafraniec²,

Polak³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. The sharp decline in the total fertility rate in Poland coincided with broader socio-economic changes, which resulted in its reduction to the lowest level observed among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate and evaluate the changing patterns of reproductive behaviour in rural and urban areas, depending on the demographic and socio-economic features in Poland. Materials and method. Information about live births in Poland in the years 1995-2014 were obtained from the Central Statistical Office. Registered cases of live births in rural and urban areas were analyzed considering the maternal features (age, marital status, main source of income). To evaluate the changes in fertility and comparisons between rural and urban areas, Joinpoint Regresssion was used. Results. In 1995-2014, a shift in the age of highest fertility from 20-24 years to 25-29 years was observed. This occurred at the same time as a reduction in the fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15-29 years, more pronounced in rural areas (95.8 to 60.0) than in urban areas (63.4 to 51.5), while in women aged 30-49 years, a faster increase in fertility was observed in urban areas (16.4 to 32.0) than in rural areas (27.5-29.2). Fertility trends between rural and urban areas differed significantly. A significant increase in live births for employed mothers was shown mainly in [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]; later, the growth rate in rural areas was slower and in urban areas the growth trend stopped. Conclusion. The postponement of births and reduction of fertility in women aged 15-29 requires active measures aimed at creating favourable conditions for achieving economic independence for the younger generation, as well as combining work with raising children, especially in rural areas.

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Section: Limitations and Strengthssupporting

confidence: 81%

Study on changing patterns of reproductive behaviours due to maternal features and place of residence in Poland during 1995–2014

Genowska¹,

Szafraniec²,

Polak³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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show abstract

“…Within countries, countless studies have found associations between demographic outcomes, socioeconomic inequalities, and poverty, with considerably higher risks of poverty often observed among lower‐status groups with large numbers of children and dependents (Westoff and Cross ; Joshi and Schultz ; Banerjee and Duflo ; Ezeh, Mberu, and Emina ; Mberu and Reed ; Canning, Sangeeta, and Yazbeck ; Dribe et al. ). In both cases, demographic variables emerge as closely related to a country's economic potential and its level of domestic inequality—two of the primary explanatory variables typically emphasized in extant literature on global poverty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, Inequality, and Fertility: The Contribution of Demographic Change to Global Poverty Reduction

Wietzke¹

2020

Population & Development Rev

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Global poverty has fallen dramatically over the past decades. In many developing countries, this transformation was accompanied by rapid improvements in demographic outcomes, such as falling child mortality and fertility. Yet, recent theorizing and empirical research into the causes of global poverty reduction has mostly omitted demographic factors. This paper aims to fill this gap by testing for effects of demographic variables on poverty. Using time series data for 140 countries, we document a strong effect of lagged fertility on country‐specific poverty rates. This effect is robust across several specifications and data sets. It appears to be stronger in countries with larger fertility differentials, in the early transition stages. The proposed mechanism behind this result is a “Kuznets curve‐type” expansion of fertility inequality at the onset of the demographic transition. We conclude by calling for a stronger inclusion of demographic variables in the distribution‐sensitive analysis of global poverty.

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“…The differences can be observable, such as socioeconomic differences in family size (e.g. Dribe et al, 2017), or unobservable, such as differences in attitudes, behaviors or preferences. If these (observable or unobservable) factors also influence the outcomes for the children they will work as confounders of the association between sibship size and the outcomes (for an example, see Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too many is not enough: studying how children are affected by their number of siblings and resource dilution in families

Öberg

2017

The History of the Family

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This special issue contains a collection of papers that study how children are affected by their sibship size, using anthropometric data. The varied results provide a wealth of new knowledge and show that this influence is context-specific. In this paper I discuss the methodological challenges that we will encounter continuing research on resource dilution in families. The most important challenge is the plausible endogeneity of sibship size and thus biased estimates of the effect. The problem of endogeneity can be made worse through residual confounding caused by measurement error. I argue that we need to be creative and find many different ways to circumvent the problems of endogeneity, for example by looking for testable implications of the resource dilution model or studying specific situations or groups. Comparative or longitudinal studies, utilizing the variation and changes in societal contexts and institutions across time and place could also provide ways forward. In general it is the basics of the scientific method that we need to keep in mind when we continue research on this topic: formulate explicit models, do replication studies, separate exploratory and confirmatory analyses, report negative results, and be cautious of over-explaining results.

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Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America

Cited by 60 publications

References 62 publications

Study on changing patterns of reproductive behaviours due to maternal features and place of residence in Poland during 1995–2014

Study on changing patterns of reproductive behaviours due to maternal features and place of residence in Poland during 1995–2014

Poverty, Inequality, and Fertility: The Contribution of Demographic Change to Global Poverty Reduction

Too many is not enough: studying how children are affected by their number of siblings and resource dilution in families

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