Socio-economic impacts and public value of government-funded research: Lessons from four US National Science Foundation initiatives

Introducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovation

“…1 Beyond Collingridge's dilemma: framing societal alignment The issues discussed above are part of a 'social' or 'normative' turn in the governance and the social studies of science, technology and innovation. Calls for broader inclusion and public participation, experimentation and co-construction (Chilvers and Kearnes 2016), and attention to the public value and public purpose of science, technology and innovation (Bozeman and Youtie 2017) are examples of theorisation and operationalisation efforts that express this turn. Central to these debates is the complex issue of 'societal alignment', in that the main objective of many, if not all of these efforts, is to achieve a better alignment between the goals of science, technology and innovation and those of diverse publics.…”

Agricultural research impact assessment

“…Some techniques and methods have been developed but they still lack validity and robustness especially in terms of measurement. For Bozeman and Youtie (2015), this is mainly due to the youth of this research area as compared to economic impact evaluation methods that started more than 60 years ago and bibliometric approaches more than 40.…”

The evaluation index improvement for the relocation of research equipment

“…Interest in evaluating non-economic social outcomes of science and technology research has risen in policy circles in recent years. The interest in social impacts of research has not yet given rise to a great proliferation of useful, valid techniques for evaluating such impacts (Bozeman & Youtie, 2017). Over recent years there has been a consistent shift in the way in which R&D policy is viewed.…”