Socio-economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Wildlife-
Livestock Interface and Non-Interface of Tanzania

Mdetele, Daniel; Kasanga, Christopher J.; Seth, Misago; Kayunze, and

doi:10.5455/wvj.20150852

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For gravid domestic ruminants, the prevalence (5%; 95% CI: 3.1–8) was within the range previously reported in Tanzania (Sagamiko et al, ; Shirima, ). In this study, the abortion rate in cattle (5.8%) was lower compared to the previous reports in Tanzania (Mathew, ; Mdetele et al, ). In Zambia, the abortion rate (16.2%) in exposed cattle to brucellosis (history of abortion) was higher compared to our investigation (Muma, Godfroid, Samui, & Skjerve, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Due to the socio‐economic importance of brucellosis (abortions, infertilities and reduction of milk production), this zoonotic disease, in Kagera ecosystem, calls for research attention. There are some reports of abortions in domestic animals in Tanzania: 11.3% in Njombe and Mbeya Regions (Mathew, ) and 35% in wildlife–livestock interface and non‐interface of Tanzania (Mdetele, Kasanga, Seth, & Kayunze, ). In addition, non‐negligible pregnancy outcomes in humans (15% of miscarriage at national level) were reported in Tanzania (Keogh et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of brucellosis to abortions in humans and domestic ruminants in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania

Ntirandekura

Matemba

Kimera

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease of socio‐economic importance. Understanding the association of this disease with pregnancy outcome has the potential of contributing to the reduction of its reproductive burden in humans and animals among pastoral communities in Tanzania. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Kagera Region on pregnant women (n = 76) and gravid ruminants (121 cattle, 125 goats and 111 sheep). Exposed and non‐exposed groups to brucellosis were followed for 6 months (from 15 November 2017 to 15 April 2018). Sera were collected and analysed using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) test. Measures of effect, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed. Positivity to both RBT and FPA tests was 21% (95% CI: 12.5–32) in pregnant women and 5% (95% CI: 3.1–8) in gravid ruminants. Among aborted cases, four women (out of nine), two cows (out of seven), two goats (out of 26) and zero sheep (out of 11) were positive to brucellosis. The abortion rate in humans and ruminants was 11.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Seropositivity to brucellosis was similar in aborted and non‐aborted cases in humans (p = .08) and in ruminants (p = .2). At the population level, brucellosis was associated with abortions (population attributable risk: PAR) at 3.5% in pregnant women and at 0.5% in gravid ruminants in the study area. Infections to brucellosis were increased in exposed pregnant women (OR = 19; 95% CI: 1.8–203, p = .01) and in cattle (OR = 11; 95% CI: 1.3–88, p = .02). There is an indication that brucellosis could be contributing to abortions in pregnant women and domestic ruminants Kagera Region. Molecular tools could support more the results from serological tests to avoid cross‐reaction with other pathogen agents. Control of brucellosis in animals is likely to reduce the threat of abortions in humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of brucellosis to abortions in humans and domestic ruminants in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania

Ntirandekura

Matemba

Kimera

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…We further find evidence to support extant literature that suggests that FMD primarily affects milk consumption ( 38 , 39 ). Households in Uganda and Tanzania reported reducing milk consumption by nearly half during an outbreak but maintaining pre-outbreak beef consumption levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Household production and consumption impacts of foot and mouth disease at the Uganda-Tanzania border

2023

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IntroductionFoot-and–mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that is endemic in East Africa. FMD virus infection incurs significant control costs and reduces animal productivity through weight loss, lowered milk yield, and potentially death but how household’s respond to these losses may differentially affect household income and food consumption.MethodologyTo address this, we use unique data from a FMD outbreak to assess how household production and consumption activities change from before to during the outbreak. Data came from a 2018 survey of 254 households in selected Tanzanian wards and sub-counties in Uganda. The data includes household recall of before and during an outbreak in the past year on livestock and livestock product sales, milk and beef consumption, as well as related changes in market prices. We apply both difference-in-difference and change in difference ordinary least squares regressions with fixed effects to evaluate the impact of FMD on household production and consumption.Results and discussionWe find that households reported the largest reductions in livestock and livestock product sales, followed by reduced milk consumption and animal market prices. The changes in household income from livestock sales appears to be driven by FMD virus infection within the household herd while changes in market prices of substitute protein sources are primary associated with changes in milk and beef consumption. The role of widespread market price effects across both infected and uninfected herds and countries, tends to suggest that stabilizing prices will likely have a large impact on household nutritional security and income generation. We also propose that promoting diversity in market activity may mitigate differing impacts on households in FMD endemic regions.

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“…These movements lead to frequent contact between flocks, within and between districts, regions and countries, which facilitates the transmission of infectious pathogens such as PPRV and leads to the spread and maintenance of disease in Tanzania [53,63]. Periods of drought can cause long distance movements of livestock to access water and grazing, and can increase the interaction between livestock and wildlife at grazing and watering points [53,70].…”

Section: Extensive Production System With Mobility Of Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Peste des Petits Ruminants Occurrence and Spread in Tanzania

Mdetele

Komba

Seth

et al. 2021

Animals

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important transboundary animal disease of domestic small ruminants, camels, and wild artiodactyls. The disease has significant socio-economic impact on communities that depend on livestock for their livelihood and is a threat to endangered susceptible wild species. The aim of this review was to describe the introduction of PPR to Tanzania and its subsequent spread to different parts of the country. On-line databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature, formal and informal reports were obtained from Tanzanian Zonal Veterinary Investigation Centres and Laboratories, and Veterinary Officers involved with PPR surveillance were contacted. PPR virus (PPRV) was confirmed in northern Tanzania in 2008, although serological data from samples collected in the region in 1998 and 2004, and evidence that the virus was already circulating in Uganda in 2003, suggests that PPRV might have been present earlier than this. It is likely that the virus which became established in Tanzania was introduced from Kenya between 2006–7 through the cross-border movement of small ruminants for trade or grazing resources, and then spread to eastern, central, and southern Tanzania from 2008 to 2010 through movement of small ruminants by pastoralists and traders. There was no evidence of PPRV sero-conversion in wildlife based on sera collected up to 2012, suggesting that they did not play a vectoring or bridging role in the establishment of PPRV in Tanzania. PPRV lineages II, III and IV have been detected, indicating that there have been several virus introductions. PPRV is now considered to be endemic in sheep and goats in Tanzania, but there has been no evidence of PPR clinical disease in wildlife species in Tanzania, although serum samples collected in 2014 from several wild ruminant species were PPRV sero-positive. Similarly, no PPR disease has been observed in cattle and camels. In these atypical hosts, serological evidence indicates exposure to PPRV infection, most likely through spillover from infected sheep and goats. Some of the challenges for PPRV eradication in Tanzania include movements of small ruminants, including transboundary movements, and the capacity of veterinary services for disease surveillance and vaccination. Using wildlife and atypical domestic hosts for PPR surveillance is a useful indicator of endemism and the ongoing circulation of PPRV in livestock, especially during the implementation of vaccination to control or eliminate the disease in sheep and goats. PPR disease has a major socio-economic impact in Tanzania, which justifies the investment in a comprehensive PPRV eradication programme.

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Socio-economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Wildlife- Livestock Interface and Non-Interface of Tanzania

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Association of brucellosis to abortions in humans and domestic ruminants in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania

Association of brucellosis to abortions in humans and domestic ruminants in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania

Household production and consumption impacts of foot and mouth disease at the Uganda-Tanzania border

Review of Peste des Petits Ruminants Occurrence and Spread in Tanzania

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