Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasites Among Children Living in Gombak, Malaysia

Rajeswari, Binitha; Sinniah, B; Hussein, Hasnah

doi:10.1177/101053959400700104

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Given its faecal-oral route, habits related to eating, defecation, personal hygiene, cleanliness and level of education may have an impact on the prevalence rates. The findings of this study confirmed a trend of high risk of infection with Entamoeba species among the rural population as shown by other local studies [21-23,25], where prevailing poverty, poor socioeconomic condition, low standards of sanitation and hygiene and lack of education attainment may contribute to high prevalence of Entamoeba infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Another study showed that the infection rate of Entamoeba in rural communities in Malaysia was 21.0% [24]. Other local studies which include aboriginal groups reported prevalence ranging from 9.4% to 18.5% [25,26]. However, these prevalence rates were based on microscopic examination which could not differentiate between E. histolytica E. dispar and E.moshkovskii infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Entamoeba species.MethodsFaecal sample were collected from 426 participants in five rural villages in Peninsular Malaysia. The faecal samples were processed by direct wet smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique followed by iodine staining and examined via microscopy for the presence of Entamoeba species and other intestinal parasites. Microscopically positive samples for Entamoeba species cysts were further characterized using a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNA gene. The data entry and analysis was carried out using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program for Windows version 17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsBased on single faecal examination, overall prevalence of Entamoeba infection was 17.6% (75/426). Females (19.1%) were more commonly infected compared to males (15.9%). Comparison by age groups showed that adults (23.9%) had higher infection rates than children (15.3%). The PCR results showed that 52 out of 75 microscopy positive samples successfully generated species-specific amplicons. The infection with E. histolytica (75.0%; 39/52) was the most common, followed by E. dispar (30.8%; 18/52) and E. moshkovskii (5.8%; 3/52). Of these, 33 (63.5%) were shown to contain only E. histolytica, 10 (19.2%) contained E. dispar and 3 (5.8%) contained only E. moshkovskii. Mixed infection with E. histolytica and E. dispar was found in 6 (11.5%) samples.ConclusionsThe present study essentially emphasized the benefit of molecular techniques in discriminating the pathogenic Entamoeba species from the non-pathogenic for accurate diagnosis and better management of amoebiasis. The presence of E. moshkovskii is of great public health concern as it was the first time it has been reported in Malaysia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

et al. 2012

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“…Similarly, the current finding highlighted that the infection of T. trichiura to be the highest among Temuan (46.2% of 171). Some reasons that have been pinpointed by other studies in Malaysia included that T. trichiura possesses higher rate of infections due to its resistance to anthelminthics, ineffective dosage and choice of anthelminthic used [1], [2], [29], [30]. Local studies showed that a single dose (400 mg) of albendazole was proven ineffective to kill T. trichiura [29]–[31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reasons that have been pinpointed by other studies in Malaysia included that T. trichiura possesses higher rate of infections due to its resistance to anthelminthics, ineffective dosage and choice of anthelminthic used [1], [2], [29], [30]. Local studies showed that a single dose (400 mg) of albendazole was proven ineffective to kill T. trichiura [29]–[31]. Instead, increased doses of albendazole were required in order to obtain higher cure rate among the infected persons [1], [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

et al. 2014

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have been documented among these minority groups since 1938. However the prevalence of STH is still high among these communities. Most studies tend to consider the Orang Asli (indigenous) as a homogenous group. In contrary, different subtribes have their own cultural practices. To understand this variation better, we studied the prevalence and associated factors of STH and other gut parasitic infections among two common subtribes (i.e. Temuan and Temiar). Results showed that the prevalence of the overall STH infections was higher in the Temuan subtribe (53.2% of 171) compared to the Temiar subtribe (52.7% of 98). Trichuris trichiura (46.2%) was the most prevalent parasite in the Temuan subtribe, followed by Ascaris spp. (25.7%) and hookworm (4.1%). In contrast, Ascaris spp. (39.8%) was more prevalent among the Temiar subtribe, preceded by T. trichiura (35.7%) and finally hookworm (8.3%). There were also co-infections of helminthiasis and intestinal protozoa among both Temuan and Temiar subtribes with rates being three times higher among the Temiar compared to Temuan. The most common co-infection was with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 24; 24.5%, 16.0–33.0), followed by Giardia spp. (n = 3; 3.1%, −0.3–6.5). In Temuan, STH infection individuals were also infected with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 11; 6.4%, 5.0–13.8), Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 3, 1.8%, −0.2–3.8) and Giardia spp. (n = 2, 1.2%, −0.4–2.8). In comparison, there was no Cryptosporidium spp. detected among the Temiar. However, it was interesting to note that there was an occurrence of co-infection of intestinal helminthiasis and sarcocystosis (intestinal) in a Temiar individual. The last report of sarcocystosis (muscular) among the Orang Asli was in 1978. The present study highlighted the importance of understanding the variation of infections amongst the different Orang Asli subtribes. It is vital to note these differences and use this knowledge to customise effective control measures for the various subtribes.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of Entamoeba histolytica infection among school children from three primary schools in Arsi Town, West Zone, Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasites Among Children Living in Gombak, Malaysia

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Entamoeba histolytica infection among school children from three primary schools in Arsi Town, West Zone, Ethiopia

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