Socio-economic aspects of improved sanitation in slums: A review

Isunju, John Bosco; Schwartz, Klaas; Schouten, Marco; Johnson, William P.; Dijk, Meine Pieter van

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2011.03.008

Cited by 154 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is ample evidence that defecation practices (open defecation vs. UD toilets or pit latrines) contributes to poor microbial quality of drinking water and increase in health outcomes such as diarrhoea (VanDerslice and Briscoe, 1995;Root, 2001;Trevett et al, 2005;Trevett and Carter, 2008;Hubbard et al, 2011). It has also been shown that when open defecation is practised, people are less likely to wash their hands (Trevett et al, 2004;Isunju et al, 2011). Even if they do, washing of hands would require the removal of water from storage vessels using dipping utensils or the touching of taps on delivery systems such as groundtanks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial quality of drinking water from groundtanks and tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, and its relationship to health outcomes

Singh¹,

Lutchmanariyan²,

Wright³

et al. 2013

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drinking water quality was investigated at source and corresponding point-of-use in 2 peri-urban areas receiving drinking water either by communal water tanker or by delivery directly from the distribution system to household-based groundtanks with taps. Water quality variables measured were heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, E. coli, conductivity, turbidity, pH, and total and residual chlorine. Water quality data were analysed together with an existing epidemiological database to investigate links between microbial quality of drinking water, household demographics, health outcomes, socio-economic status, hygiene and sanitation practices. Groundtank households had better quality drinking water than households using storage containers filled from communal tankers. Uncovered storage containers had the poorest microbial water quality among all storage containers. All stored water did not meet drinking water standards, although mains water did. Households with children under 5 years and using open-topped containers had the poorest water quality overall. Households with groundtanks had the best water quality at point-of-use, but did not have the lowest occurrence of health effects. Although groundtanks were supplied together with urine diversion (UD) toilets and hygiene education, groundtank households showed overall poorer hygiene practices than tanker-supplied households, and some groundtank households with UD toilets preferred to continue using open defecation. Households that practised open defecation had higher levels of E. coli in their drinking water and higher rates of adverse health outcomes. Poorer socio-economic standing and lower educational standard were associated with poorer water quality, poorer hygiene practices and higher rates of diarrhoea and vomiting.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial quality of drinking water from groundtanks and tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, and its relationship to health outcomes

Singh¹,

Lutchmanariyan²,

Wright³

et al. 2013

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Estos sitios, que en su mayoría emergen de manera no planeada, se caracterizan por tener un acceso a servicios básicos mínimo o inexistente, condiciones de extrema pobreza, ilegalidad en la tenencia de los terrenos, ausencia de infraestructura y una economía informal predominante (Isunju, Schwartz, Schouten, Johnson y van Dijk, 2011;Kampala City Council, 2002;WWAP, 2017).…”

Section: Morales Y Zombranounclassified

“…Los factores que limitan el progreso en materia de saneamiento incluyen la falta de planeación a largo plazo por parte de los Estados, financiación inadecuada, dificultades para compartir responsabilidades (Isunju et al, 2011), implementación de tecnologías de saneamiento no sostenibles (Katukiza et al, 2012;Mara, Lane, Scott y Trouba, 2010), así como la falta de priorización; por ejempo, las inversiones en su mayoría van dirigidas hacia el acceso a agua potable y dejan de lado el valor del saneamiento (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados [AyA], Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía [MINAE] y Ministerio de Salud [MS], 2016). También es importante mencionar otros factores como la mala accesibilidad a las zonas donde las calles y pasajes son estrechos; la ausencia de la condición legal de las viviendas, donde la alta probabilidad de demolición disminuyen la inversión en infraestructura; el poco espacio disponible para construir una tecnología de tratamiento o para su reemplazo (Isunju et al, 2011; Población y Salud en Mesoamérica Doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v1i1.32031 Volumen 16, número 1, Inf.…”

Section: Morales Y Zombranounclassified

“…También es importante mencionar otros factores como la mala accesibilidad a las zonas donde las calles y pasajes son estrechos; la ausencia de la condición legal de las viviendas, donde la alta probabilidad de demolición disminuyen la inversión en infraestructura; el poco espacio disponible para construir una tecnología de tratamiento o para su reemplazo (Isunju et al, 2011; Población y Salud en Mesoamérica Doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/psm.v1i1.32031 Volumen 16, número 1, Inf. Téc.…”

Section: Morales Y Zombranounclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Análisis de la gestión del saneamiento en el asentamiento informal Bajo Los Anonos, San José, Costa Rica, desde una visión social, técnica e institucional

Morales

Zambrano

2018

PSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

⎯ RESUMEN: Objetivo: Analizar desde los ámbitos social, técnico e institucional las condiciones de saneamiento que hay actualmente en el asentamiento informal Bajo Los Anonos ubicado en San José, Costa Rica. Métodos: Mediante la aplicación de encuestas a los habitantes del lugar, se realizó una caracterización técnica y social de la autogestión del saneamiento en la comunidad; además, se realizó un muestreo simple de aguas residuales en tres puntos distintos de la comunidad; finalmente, se realizó una encuesta con preguntas abiertas al gestor ambiental de la Municipalidad de Escazú para conocer su perspectiva. Resultados: Aunque un 82% coincidió en que el mal manejo de las aguas residuales es una de las principales problemáticas, más de la mitad de las personas encuestadas no encuentran relación entre el nivel de saneamiento y su injerencia en la salud. El tránsito de aguas residuales en las calles expone a la población a un nivel de riesgo. Aunque la Municipalidad de Escazú es consciente de la problemática, no se tienen planes claros para la comunidad. Conclusiones: La comunidad presenta problemas en cuanto a la correcta gestión de las aguas residuales, debido a una combinación de factores, tales como la falta de acceso a sistemas de saneamiento de calidad, malas prácticas de las vecinas y los vecinos y la falta de apoyo institucional.⎯ Palabras Clave: saneamiento, asentamientos precarios, salud pública, Escazú, Costa Rica. ⎯ ABSTRACT: Objective:To analyze from a social, technical and institutional perspective the sanitation conditions that currently exist in the informal settlement Bajo Los Anonos located in San José, Costa Rica. Methods: By applying surveys to the inhabitants of the place, it was made a technical and social characterization of the self-management of sanitation in the community; in addition, it was realized a simple sampling of wastewater in three different points of the community; finally, we made a survey with open questions to the environmental manager of the Municipality of Escazú to know their perspective. Results: Although 82% agreed that poor wastewater management is one of the main problems, more than half of the people did not find a relationship between the level of sanitation and its interference in health. Transit of wastewater in the streets exposes the population to a level of risk. Even though the Municipality of Escazú is aware of the problem, there are no clear plans for the community. Conclusions:The community presents problems regarding the correct management of wastewater, due to a combination of factors, such as lack of access to quality sanitation systems, bad practices of neighbors and lack of institutional support.

show abstract

“…Exposure and vulnerability to such risks are exacerbated in rapidly urbanising and informal settlements, which have limited access to formal water and sanitation services (Isunju et al, 2011). It is estimated that only half of Africa's large cities have formal sewerage networks (Banerjee and Morella, 2011), and where infrastructure is not available, collection and transportation of waste is conducted via the road network (Tilley et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd-sourced data for geospatial sanitation planning in informal settlements

Holderness¹,

Walker²,

Alderson³

et al. 2016

IJCAST

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Crowd-sourced geospatial data from OpenStreetMap and the Map Kibera project were used to model and optimise a proposed road-based sanitation network for the settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya. A Boolean multicriteria suitability analysis was employed to identify areas of land for transfer station infrastructure construction. Selected locations were then used in a spatio-topological network model for a theoretical road-based faecal sludge management scheme to service 158 public toilets in Kibera using Vacutug technology. The network model was employed to further optimise the location of transfer stations based on minimising total sewage transport time across the network. In this manner the paper establishes the utility of maps generated by communities and citizens as providing vital on-the ground information for sanitation engineering planning. Such information is in lieu of traditional formal sources of geospatial data, which are often not available in informal settlements. The study demonstrates crowd-sourced maps, when combined with geographical information systems for analysis, present new opportunities for sanitation infrastructure provision planning in unplanned communities.

show abstract

Socio-economic aspects of improved sanitation in slums: A review

Cited by 154 publications

References 32 publications

Microbial quality of drinking water from groundtanks and tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, and its relationship to health outcomes

Microbial quality of drinking water from groundtanks and tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, and its relationship to health outcomes

Análisis de la gestión del saneamiento en el asentamiento informal Bajo Los Anonos, San José, Costa Rica, desde una visión social, técnica e institucional

Crowd-sourced data for geospatial sanitation planning in informal settlements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About