Socio-Economic and Environmental Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

This study discusses the dominant socio-economic and environmental risk factors for TB disease. The design of this study was a case-control study with 70 case samples and control with a contribution of n = 1. Variables from this study contacted personal, ventilation of the house, humidity, the temperature of the house, density of the house, kitchen, and family earnings. Multivariate data analysis uses multiple logistic regressions. The study notes that from 140 samples, 47% have basic education, and 30% are farmers. People who had a past of contact with TB cases were ten times more likely to contract TB than those who had no contacted (OR = 10.00; p <0.001). Personalities who live in poorly ventilated homes who have a risk of contracting TB are 2.2 times greater than those who live in homes with standard ventilation (OR = 2.20; p <0.018). The moisture increases the risk of TB by four times the low moisture (OR = 4.00; p = 0.001). Living in a house with a higher temperature of TB is 3.8 times higher than a lower temperature (OR = 3.80; p = 0.009). Living in a high population density of the house improves TB five times more than living in a lesser home (OR = 5.00; p <0.001). Kitchen gas enhances the risk of TB 2.5 times greater than gasless (OR = 2.50; p = 0.007). Low family earnings raise the risk of TB three times greater than high family earnings (OR = 3.00; p = 0.002). A past of contact, poorly ventilated homes, high humidity, hothouse temperature, population density, kitchen gas, and low family earnings, are risk factors for TB in Wonosobo, Central Java.

Development and validation of a structured questionnaire for assessing risk factors of medication non-adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Indonesia

“…The questionnaire was suitably developed to address the complexities of the diverse regions in Indonesia and the unique healthcare challenges encountered. Indonesia has been reported to show significant regional disparities in healthcare infrastructure, patient attitudes, and socioeconomic influences ( Erawati and Andriany, 2022 ; Siswantining et al, 2020 ; Pratiwi et al, 2020 ). Considering these disparities, the questionnaire was designed to be adaptable and relevant across different areas of the country, but some regional customization was required before the broad implementation ( Mahmudiono and Laksono, 2021 ).…”

Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan

“…Socioeconomic life afects lifestyle by changing the priorities such as care seeking, nutritional status, and living conditions. Low socioeconomic status and poverty are important indicators of TB documented in many studies in diferent settings with increasing poverty increasing the risk of TB [43][44][45][46].…”

Spatial Analysis of Tuberculosis, Population and Housing Density in Yogyakarta City 2017-2018

“…The study results in Wonosobo, Central Java, showed the same results as this study: there was a significant relationship between housing density and TB incidence. Pratiwi, Pramono and Junaedi mentioned that someone who lives in an area with a high density of housings has 5 times higher risk of being exposed to TB than those who live in a low density (16). This shows that the density of housings affects TB incidence because dense environments may also have poor sanitation, slum areas, lots of garbage, and poorly maintained grounds, especially in developing countries (6).…”