Society, Drug Injectors, and AIDS

Friedman, Samuel R.; Stepherson, Bruce; J, Woods; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Ward, Thomas P.

doi:10.1353/hpu.2010.0342

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…14,[16][17][18] More promising for understanding race differences in HIV/AIDS than explanations based on individual risk behaviors are structural explanations, which focus on the social and contextual factors that determine health. While high rates of HIV/AIDS among African Americans have been attributed to a variety of structural factors (such as poverty, [19][20][21] homelessness, [22][23] community disintegration, 24 access to sexually transmitted disease services and discrimination and racism [25][26][27][28][29] ) arguably one of the most pronounced relevant features of the social context of the past several decades is the disproportionately high rate of incarceration among African Americans. 25 Incarceration, drug policy, and African Americans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aids and the health crisis of the U.S. urban poor; the perspective of critical medical anthropology

Singer¹

1994

Social Science & Medicine

450

303

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Abstract-The social identity of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. has been shaped, for the most part, by two factors, the prevailing configuration of social relations across class, racial, gender, and sexual orientation, on the one hand, and the prevailing array of public health, especially epidemiological, categories of disease transmission, on the other. Focusing on the AIDS epidemic among inner city people of color, this paper challenges the distortions wrought in our understanding from both of these factors and instead develops an alternative perspective for AIDS research among medical anthropologists and health social scientists generally.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aids and the health crisis of the U.S. urban poor; the perspective of critical medical anthropology

Singer¹

1994

Social Science & Medicine

450

303

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“…Although no empirical studies on racism against women and HIV have been published to date, we hypothesize that both economic and noneconomic forms of racism create conditions affecting women's risk. First, several commentaries on racial/ethnic disparities in AIDS have called attention to economic inequalities rooted in racial discrimination as a cause of HIV infection (38,63,64,72,83,104,145,160). Following a political economy of health framework, these commentaries emphasize that excess relative risk of AIDS among communities of color, notably African-American and Latina people, reflect underlying forces of discrimination in employment, housing, earning power, and educational opportunity (72,122,145).…”

Section: Race/racism and Hiv In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing Women's Risk: Social Inequalities and HIV Infection

Zierler

Krieger²

1997

Annu. Rev. Public Health

303

192

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Social inequalities lie at the heart of risk of HIV infection among women in the United States. As of December, 1995, 71,818 US women had developed AIDSdefining diagnoses. These women have been disproportionately poor, AfricanAmerican, and Latina. Their neighborhoods have been burdened by poverty, racism, crack cocaine, heroin, and violence. To explain which women are at risk and why, this article reviews the epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among women in light of four conceptual frameworks linking health and social justice: feminism, social production of disease/political economy of health, ecosocial, and human rights. The article applies these alternative theories to describe sociopolitical contexts for AIDS' emergence and spread in the United States, and reviews evidence linking inequalities of class, race/ethnicity, gender, and sexuality, as well as strategies of resistance to these inequalities, to the distribution of HIV among women.

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“…De uma maneira geral, as taxas tendem a ser maiores entre UDI que pertencem a minorias étni-cas e /ou culturais, mulheres e usuários iniciantes e mais jovens 37,38 .…”

Section: Disseminação Do Hiv/aids Entre Udiunclassified

Usuários de drogas injetáveis e infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana: epidemiologia e perspectivas de intervenção

Caiaffa¹,

Bastos

1998

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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As of February, 1998 about 130 thousand AIDS cases were reported in Brazil; 21% of them among injecting drug users (IDUs). The present paper reviews the main findings of the HIV epidemiology and other blood-borne pathogens infection among IDUs, in Brazil and abroad, to foster the ongoing research and preventive initiatives carried out in Brazil. Data have shown that, far from the stereotype of a male population living in the main metropolitan areas, IDU population is rather heterogeneous. This population is under continuous turnover, with relevant changes in its very composition, habits and drug consume patterns. An accurate estimation of the size of IDU population in different settings and places is a puzzling task, although recent methodologies, e.g. capture-recapture methods, seem to be a reliable strategy. The use of combined data from different sources is also very useful in the process of population size estimation. Comprehensive researches carried out in different settings, using data from distinct and complementary aggregation levels, under regular follow-up, are essential to monitor patterns and trends of the drug users population and drug consume patterns, especially the injection of illicit drugs. These data are essential to the implementation and permanent evaluation of preventive strategies, as well as tools for the optimal allocation of scarce resources. Due to the double risks to which IDUs are exposed -parenteral and sexual -different infections are frequent in this population, taking place in an early moment of their drug use "career". Successful interventions must be precocious and comprehensive, providing counseling, testing for different pathogens, and access to condoms and sterile injection equipment. Another core interventions set involves the prevention of the transition from non-injecting to injecting routes, and efforts to offer low-threshold and available anonymous treatment at no cost for either their clinical problems and harms secondary to drug abuse.

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Society, Drug Injectors, and AIDS

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Aids and the health crisis of the U.S. urban poor; the perspective of critical medical anthropology

Aids and the health crisis of the U.S. urban poor; the perspective of critical medical anthropology

Reframing Women's Risk: Social Inequalities and HIV Infection

Usuários de drogas injetáveis e infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana: epidemiologia e perspectivas de intervenção

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