Societal values expressed through policy and regulations concerning biological control releases

Sheppard, Andy; Warner, Keith Douglass

doi:10.1002/9781118392553.ch11

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Permitting processes for biocontrol agent releases may differ widely among countries (Sheppard and Warner 2016), but host specificity tests are widely standardized (Wapshere 1974). Despite further refinements proposed and implemented in subsequent years (Briese 2005;Clement and Cristofaro 1995;Sheppard et al 2005;USDA 2016), this sequence of testing has largely remained state-of-the-art, providing overwhelmingly safe weed biocontrol agents.…”

Section: Lack Of Evidence For Evolution Of Dietary Preferences In Weementioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal to use plant demographic data to assess potential weed biological control agents impacts on non-target plant populations

et al. 2018

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Weed biocontrol programs aim to reduce the spread and population growth rate of the target plant while stabilizing or increasing populations of those native species considered under threat by invasive plants. This goal is not unique to weed biocontrol but applies to all other invasive plant management techniques, though such information is rarely collected. Without this information, success of management interventions can be ambiguous, and regulatory agencies, the public, policy makers, funders and land managers cannot be held accountable for chosen treatments. A fundamental reform, including use of demographic studies and long-term assessments, are essential to guide weed biocontrol programs. We propose to add use of plant demography (an assessment of how environmental factors and ecological interactions, for example competition, disease or herbivory, may affect plant populations by altering survival, growth, development and reproductive rates of plant individuals) during host specificity risk assessments of potential biological control agents. Demographic models can refine assessments of potential impacts for those plant species that experience some feeding or larval development during host specificity testing. Our proposed approach to focus on impact on plant demography instead of attack on plant individuals is useful in appropriately gauging threats potential weed biocontrol agents may pose to non-target species after field release.

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Section: Lack Of Evidence For Evolution Of Dietary Preferences In Weementioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal to use plant demographic data to assess potential weed biological control agents impacts on non-target plant populations

et al. 2018

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“…As a result, a variety of international and local regulations now govern the processes used to import and release BCAs into different jurisdictions (Ehlers 2011;Barratt et al 2017Barratt et al , 2018IPPC 2017;Ehlers et al 2020). Many countries require that candidate BCAs undergo host-specificity testing to ensure agents are fit for purpose and do not pose unnecessary risks to local biota (Hunt et al 2008(Hunt et al , 2011Sheppard & Warner 2016;Heimpel & Cock 2018). Pre-release risk assessment frameworks emphasise the importance of defining a BCA's physiological (= fundamental) host range, defined as the group of species in the introduced range that are accepted as hosts, and are compatible for development of the agent (Van Driesche et al 2004;Babendreier et al 2005;Bigler et al 2006;van Lenteren et al 2006;Barratt 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many countries require that candidate BCAs undergo host‐specificity testing to ensure agents are fit for purpose and do not pose unnecessary risks to local biota (Hunt et al . 2008, 2011; Sheppard & Warner 2016; Heimpel & Cock 2018). Pre‐release risk assessment frameworks emphasise the importance of defining a BCA's physiological (= fundamental) host range, defined as the group of species in the introduced range that are accepted as hosts, and are compatible for development of the agent (Van Driesche et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐emptive host‐specificity testing of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) reveals high parasitism levels against the endemic New Zealand alpine shield bug in laboratory no‐choice tests

2021

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Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious horticultural pest causing considerable damage to local production and international supply chains as it spreads around the world. The samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is well recognised as the most promising classical biological control against BMSB. The wasp has been conditionally approved for release in New Zealand in the event the stink bug establishes here. Previous host range testing showed that all available non-target New Zealand pentatomids except a single exotic species were accepted for oviposition and that the parasitoid was capable of parasitising the eggs of two native pentatomids at proportions similar to BMSB. Only one New Zealand species of pentatomid, the endemic alpine shield bug Hypsithocus hudsonae, was not previously tested owing to the difficulty of collecting it from the field. Here we report the results of no-choice oviposition tests between H. hudsonae and T. japonicus, conducted in containment, to complement previous physiological host range testing of this parasitoid in New Zealand. Parasitoids emerged from 14 out of 15 egg masses, and in total, from 78 out of 83 eggs (94%). The mean sex ratio was 89% female, and no males emerged from six egg masses. H. hudsonae is confirmed as a physiological host for T. japonicus, and this finding is discussed in relation to the strengths and limitations of physiological host range studies.

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Prioritizing candidate agents for the biological control of weeds

Paynter

2024

Biological Control

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Societal values expressed through policy and regulations concerning biological control releases

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

A proposal to use plant demographic data to assess potential weed biological control agents impacts on non-target plant populations

A proposal to use plant demographic data to assess potential weed biological control agents impacts on non-target plant populations

Pre‐emptive host‐specificity testing of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) reveals high parasitism levels against the endemic New Zealand alpine shield bug in laboratory no‐choice tests

Prioritizing candidate agents for the biological control of weeds

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