Socially relevant ethnic groups, ethnic structure, and AMAR

Birnir, Jóhanna Kristín; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Fearon, James D.; Laitin, David D.; Gurr, Ted Robert; Brancati, Dawn; Saideman, Stephen M.; Pate, Amy; Hultquist, Agatha Skierkowski

doi:10.1177/0022343314536915

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The apparently significant increase in ethno-linguistic diversity recorded in just one decade underscores the constructed, fluid, and subjective nature of ethnic identity and the challenge of measuring it and for this reason, we re-classified this social complexity into a smaller number of groupings whose socio-political salience had proven more resilient in the longue durée. This approach, focusing purposely on only politically and/or socially relevant groups, has been practised by a number of ethnic politics specialists interested in estimating the effects of ethnic diversity and divisions in societies (Posner 2004;Birnir et al 2015;Wucherpfennig et al 2011). We consequently re-grouped the population into Muslims, indigenous persons (who were not Muslim), and everyone else.…”

Section: Case Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

McDoom

Reyes²,

Mina³

et al. 2018

Soc Indic Res

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An overall decline in inequality within a country, when assessed using nationallevel measures, can evidently obscure important variation in inequality at the subnational level. However, social planners face a choice, whose importance we argue is often underestimated, in deciding the appropriate spatial and social boundaries along which inequality should be measured at the local level. We illustrate the consequential nature of this choice by examining a historically unequal country that has experienced a recent overall decline in inequality at the national level. Drawing on census micro-data, we show the Philippines made impressive progress in reducing disparities in education and access to basic public services between 2000 and 2010. This change, however, appears less positive when inequality is measured at the subnational level using spatial and social boundaries selected for their socio-political significance in the Philippines context. Specifically, using measures of total, within-group and between-group inequality, we find important differences within and between three salient ethno-religious groupings-Muslims, indigenous persons, and everyone else-as well as within and between three major island groupings, Mindanao, Visayas, and Luzon. We consider the implication of one of these differences-variation in between-group inequality-by examining its correlation with social and political instability at the subnational level. Our findings underscore the importance of examining inequality at appropriate localized levels of analysis and, specifically, selecting carefully the spatial and social boundaries along which it should be measured.

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Section: Case Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

McDoom

Reyes²,

Mina³

et al. 2018

Soc Indic Res

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“…(For tables showing the full distribution of cases at each stage of sampling, see Online Appendix.) Figure 3 illustrates inter alia where MAR and our seventy-four new selection bias groups (together constituting the AMAR sample) fit into the AMAR sample frame (Birnir et al 2015), 9 which in turn, is a subset of ethnic structure (Chandra and Wilkinson 2008). 10…”

Section: The Amar Data Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the AMAR (All Minorities at Risk) Data

Birnir

Laitin

Wilkenfeld

et al. 2017

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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The article introduces the All Minorities at Risk (AMAR) data, a sample of socially recognized and salient ethnic groups. Fully coded for the forty core Minorities at Risk variables, this AMAR sample provides researchers with data for empirical analysis free from the selection issues known in the study of ethnic politics to date. We describe the distinct selection issues motivating the coding of the data with an emphasis on underexplored selection issues arising with truncation of ethnic group data, especially when moving between levels of data. We then describe our sampling technique and the resulting coded data. Next, we suggest some directions for the future study of ethnicity and conflict using our bias-corrected data. Our preliminary correlations suggest selection bias may have distorted our understanding about both group and country correlates of ethnic violence.

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“…More comprehensive PREG data sets, typified by the work of Cederman, Wimmer, and Min () and Birnir et al. (), that attempt to include greater diversity in types of politically relevant groups remain subject to the same constraint, albeit to a lesser degree.…”

Section: Inclusion Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity as a Variable: An Assessment of Measures and Data Sets of Ethnicity and Related Identities*

Marquardt

Herrera

2015

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. With the proliferation of new data sets and measures of identity-based diversity, especially regarding ethnicity, it is essential that scholars who use these data sets on "ethnicity" understand their theoretical underpinnings, as well as their points of convergence and divergence. Methods. We conduct a review of existing cross-national measures of ethnic diversity. Results. Different data sets involve inclusion boundaries for groups that vary drastically, and operationalize the relationship between the enumerated groups and outcomes of interest in ways that have often unacknowledged theoretical implications. Conclusions. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of different data sets, and build on this description to point toward future directions in assessing the relationship between diversity and social phenomena, specifically focusing on the mechanisms that link groups to these outcomes. We also provide appendices listing the data sets discussed in the article, enabling scholars to conveniently access them.Since the constructivist turn of the 1990s, scholars have endeavored to use more sophisticated empirical data in analyzing the relationship between identities and outcomes of interest. Along those lines, researchers have undertaken major efforts to conceptualize, define, and operationalize identities, above all ethnicity (Brubaker). As a result of these and other efforts, the social-scientific community now has access to a range of data sets that measure ethnicity and related identities; over the past decade alone scholars have used these data sets to study a number of outcomes such as redistribution (Desmet,

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Socially relevant ethnic groups, ethnic structure, and AMAR

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

Introducing the AMAR (All Minorities at Risk) Data

Ethnicity as a Variable: An Assessment of Measures and Data Sets of Ethnicity and Related Identities*

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