Socially desirable response sets: The impact of country culture

Middleton, Karen; Jones, Jeri

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(200002)17:2<149::aid-mar6>3.3.co;2-c

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Perhaps the American participants were responding in a more socially desirable manner than the Chinese participants and were therefore avoiding endorsing stereotypes about social groups. However, if anything, East Asians (participants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan) have been shown to be more concerned with social desirability (Middleton & Jones, 2000) and impression management (Lalwani, Shavitt, & Johnson, 2006) than have Americans. Moreover, to help alleviate this concern, we employed fictitious and culturally neutral groups in Studies 1 and 2 and a relatively unobtrusive measure of dispositional inference in Studies 2 and 3, thus reducing the likelihood that socialdesirability concerns were salient to participants in either culture.…”

Section: Social Desirabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and group perception: Dispositional and stereotypic inferences about novel and national groups.

Spencer‐Rodgers¹,

Williams²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2007

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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In 3 studies, the authors tested the hypothesis that Chinese participants would view social groups as more entitative than would Americans and, as a result, would be more likely to infer personality traits on the basis of group membership-that is, to stereotype. In Study 1, Chinese participants made stronger stereotypic trait inferences than Americans did on the basis of a target's membership in a fictitious group. Studies 2 and 3 showed that Chinese participants perceived diverse groups as more entitative and attributed more internally consistent dispositions to groups and their members. Guided by culturally based lay theories about the entitative nature of groups, Chinese participants may stereotype more readily than do Americans when group membership is available as a source of dispositional inference.

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Section: Social Desirabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and group perception: Dispositional and stereotypic inferences about novel and national groups.

Spencer‐Rodgers¹,

Williams²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2007

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…These alpha reliability coeffi cients are somewhat lower than values obtained from Western samples and are consistent with the fi ndings of previous studies. 32 Thus, MWI of SSE appears to present no signifi cant problems for Malaysia, but the same response format of the social desirability scale does. In a similar vein, while the interrogative question format appears to produce acceptable reliability coeffi cients for Malaysia and the United States, it does not for Japan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cultural and age-related differences in reliability: An empirical study in the United States, Japan and Malaysia

Moschis¹,

Ong

Abessi³

et al. 2011

J Target Meas Anal Mark

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The cross-cultural applicability of measures has received limited attention, though it represents a source of bias in research fi ndings. Although several assumptions and speculations have been made regarding the sources of potential bias in measures used when studying cultural and subcultural differences, little empirical work supports these views. The present study is empirically motivated. It focuses on testing hypotheses derived from theories presented by leading scholars regarding possible sources of differences in reliability coeffi cients, using cross-sectional data from three countries (the United States, Japan and Malaysia) to falsify them. The tests of the hypotheses regarding cultural, contextual and aging effects provide some results in line with the hypotheses, but they raise additional concerns about the possible sources of measurement differences and the applicability of measures developed in the United States to other countries and subcultures within countries.

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“…Recognized for years as a problem in achievement testing (Flaugher, 1978;Hambleton, Merenda, & Spielberger, 2005;Williams, 1977), the uncritical adoption of measures developed within one cultural context for use with persons of diff ering cultural backgrounds may misrepresent the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of those individuals, leading to erroneous conclusions Marin & Marin, 1989;Rogler, 1989). Similarly, culture-based variations in perceptions of social desirability and concerns about social presentation may also be mistaken for substantive group diff erences, or mask real diff erences (Johnson & van de Vijver, 2003;Keillor, Owens, & Pettijohn, 2001;Middleton & Jones, 2000). Communication norms are also infl uenced by culture (Gudykunst & Kim, 1992;Kochman, 1981) and may contribute to diff erences in response patterns to survey questionnaires and interviews that refl ect cultural, as well as substantive, concerns.…”

Section: Measurement and Methodology: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

Shavitt¹,

Lee²,

Johnson³

Handbook of Consumer Psychology

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OVERVIEWEvery year, multinational companies spend billions of dollars in marketing their products around the world. Some of this money is wasted or, worse, actually damages the marketer's reputation through cultural or linguistic faux pas (e.g., Ricks, 1983). As new global markets emerge, and existing markets become increasingly segmented along ethnic or subcultural lines, the need to market eff ectively to consumers who have diff erent cultural values has never been more acute. Th us, it is no surprise that in the last ten to 15 to 20 years, culture has rapidly emerged as a central focus of research in consumer psychology. What is Culture?Culture is a crucial concept for the understanding of consumer behavior because it is the lens through which people view marketing messages and products. Culture consists of shared elements that provide the standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, communicating, and acting among those who share a language, a historical period, and a geographic location. As a psychological construct, culture can be studied in multiple ways-across nations, across ethnic groups within nations, across individuals within nations (focusing on cultural orientation), and even within individuals through the priming of cultural values. As will be discussed presently, regardless of how culture is studied, cultural distinctions have been demonstrated to have important implications for advertising content, persuasiveness of appeals, consumer motivation, consumer judgment processes, and consumer response styles. Chapter Organization and ScopeIn this chapter, numerous studies on these topics are reviewed and discussed. Because reviewing the rapidly growing area of cross-cultural psychology could fi ll several handbook chapters, we are by necessity selective in our coverage. We focus more heavily on fi ndings specifi c to the consumer domain rather than a more general review of cultural diff erences. Th e content is organized around both the theoretical and the methodological implications of cultural diff erences in consumer judgments. Th e individualism/collectivism cultural construct and independent/interdependent selfconstrual construct are given special attention because extensive research has demonstrated the implications of these variables for outcomes relevant to consumer behavior. Because the study of culture requires the cross-cultural equivalence of measurement, the second half of this chapter addresses in detail specifi c measurement issues and culturally based response biases likely to be of interest to consumer psychologists. We close with a review of issues and methods for addressing measurement equivalence and cultural variability in response styles. CULTURAL VARIATION: STRUCTURAL ISSUES What Are the Key Cultural Constructs or Dimensions?Th e constructs of individualism and collectivism represent the most broadly used dimensions of cultural variability for cross-cultural comparison (Gudykunst & Ting-Toomey, 1988). In individualistic (IND) cultures, people tend to prefer independent rel...

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Socially desirable response sets: The impact of country culture

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Culture and group perception: Dispositional and stereotypic inferences about novel and national groups.

Culture and group perception: Dispositional and stereotypic inferences about novel and national groups.

Cultural and age-related differences in reliability: An empirical study in the United States, Japan and Malaysia

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

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