Social Vulnerability Index and obesity: An empirical study in the US

Yu, Chia-Yuan; Woo, Ayoung; Emrich, Christopher T.; Wang, Biyuan

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.102531

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although the SVI was developed for disaster preparedness, recent studies suggest that the SVI may also be helpful in identifying community-level risk of developing adverse chronic health outcomes, especially because of its characterization of several social determinants of health [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. For example, three studies that examined the association between the SVI and cardiometabolic disease burden indicate that more socially vulnerable communities have an increased prevalence of people being overweight and obese [ 19 , 20 ] as well as increased prevalence of multimorbidity [ 21 ]. However, no studies have examined rural disparities in the relationship between the SVI and cardiometabolic disease burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado

Wild

Walters

Powell

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Cardiometabolic diseases are a group of interrelated diseases that pose greater burden among socially vulnerable communities. The social vulnerability index (SVI) identifies communities vulnerable to emergencies and may also help determine communities at risk of adverse chronic health outcomes. However, no studies have examined the relationship between the SVI and cardiometabolic health outcomes in Colorado or focused on rural settings. The aim of this ecological study was to determine whether the county-level SVI is associated with county-level cardiometabolic health indicators with a particular focus on rurality and racial/ethnic diversity. We obtained 2014 SVI scores from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (scored 0–1; higher = more vulnerable) and 2013–2015 cardiometabolic health estimates from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The distribution of social determinants of health was spatially evaluated. Bivariate relationships between the SVI and cardiometabolic indicators were estimated using simple linear regression models. The highest SVI scores were observed in rural areas, including the San Luis Valley (mean: 0.78, median: 0.91), Southeast (mean: 0.72, median: 0.73), and Northeast (mean: 0.66, median: 0.76) regions. Across Colorado, the SVI accounted for 41% of the variability in overweight and obesity prevalence (p < 0.001), 17% of the variability in diabetes prevalence (p = 0.001), and 58% of the age-adjusted myocardial infarction hospitalization rate (p < 0.001). SVI values may be useful in determining a community’s burden of cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado

Wild

Walters

Powell

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…While the number of older people is increasing worldwide 1 , 2 , it is not as well appreciated that obesity rates are rising across the age range. Approximately one-third of people over 65 years are obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2 ) in Australia 3 and other developed countries (US, UK etc) 4 , 5 and this proportion is increasing. Although the BMI range associated with lowest morbidity and mortality increases with age 6 , a BMI higher than 30 kg/m 2 in older people is still associated with adverse health outcomes, including diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of whey protein on energy intake, appetite and gastric emptying in younger and older, obese men

et al. 2020

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Background Obesity is becoming more prevalent in older people. A management strategy in obese, young adults is to increase dietary protein relative to other macronutrients. It is not clear if this is effective in obese, older individuals. Obesity may be associated with diminished sensitivity to nutrients. We have reported that a 30-g whey protein drink slows gastric emptying more, and suppresses energy intake less, in older, than younger, non-obese men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 30 g whey protein drink on energy intake, GE and glycaemia in obese, older and younger men. Methods In randomized, double-blind order, 10 younger (age: 27 ± 2 years; BMI: 36 ± 2 kg/m²), and 10 older (72 ± 1 years; 33 ± 1 kg/m²), obese men were studied twice. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested a test drink containing 30 g whey protein (120 kcal) or control (2 kcal). Postprandial gastric emptying (antral area, 2D Ultrasound) and blood glucose concentrations were measured for 180 min. At t = 180 min subjects were given a buffet meal and ad libitum energy intake was assessed. Results Older subjects ate non-significantly less (~20%) that the younger subjects (effect of age, P = 0.16). Whey protein had no effect on subsequent energy intake (kcal) compared to control in either the younger (decrease 3 ± 8%) or older (decrease 2 ± 8%) obese men (age effect P > 0.05, protein effect P = 0.46, age × protein interaction effect P = 0.84). Whey protein slowed gastric emptying, to a similar degree in both age groups (50% emptying time: control vs. protein young men: 255 ± 5 min vs. 40 ± 7 min; older men: 16 ± 5 min vs. 50 ± 8 min; protein effect P = 0.001, age effect P = 0.93, age × protein interaction effect P = 0.13). Conclusions Our data suggest that obesity may blunt/abolish the age-related effect of whey protein on suppression of energy intake.

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“…Thirdly, while the CDC/ATSDR SVI was developed to help public health officials and local planners to better prepare for and respond to emergency events including disease outbreaks and natural disasters ( Flanagan et al, 2011 , 2018 ), our study supports the use of this index to identify locations that may be at higher risk of non-adherence to medication, a key T2DM self-care behaviour. Other studies have also reported that it may be useful for understanding other diabetes self-care behaviours including physical activity and nutrition ( Gay et al, 2016 ; Yu, Woo, Emrich, & Wang, 2020 ). Our research contribution validates a valuable public resource in the context of a significant health issue that has rarely been considered from a social and contextual viewpoint, as opposed to a medical, individual level perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation in and contextual factors related to biguanide adherence amongst medicaid enrolees with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Learnihan

Schroers

Coote

et al. 2022

SSM - Population Health

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Much is known about the adverse impacts on diabetes outcomes of non-adherence to diabetes medication. Less is known about how adherence to diabetes medication varies geographically, and the correspondence of this variation to social and contextual factors. Using pharmacy claims data over a two-year period, this study analysed non-adherence to biguanide medication for N=24,387 adult Medicaid enrolees diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and residing in Ohio. Spatial analysis was used to detect clusters of census tract level rates of non-adherence, defined as the proportion of patients below the Proportion Days Covered (PDC) threshold of 80%, the level at which patients have a reasonable likelihood of achieving most clinical benefit from their medication. Multilevel models were used to understand associations between medication non-adherence and contextual factors including social vulnerability, urbanicity and distance to utilised pharmacy, with adjustment for individual-level covariates. These findings indicate that contextual factors are associated with medication non-adherence in Medicaid clients with T2DM. They suggest a need for spatially specific, multifaceted intervention programmes that target and/or account for the features of residential settings beyond individual and health system-level factors alone. While “environmental” considerations are often acknowledged, few intervention initiatives are predicated on explicit knowledge of spatially variable influences that can be targeted to enable and support medication adherence.

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Social Vulnerability Index and obesity: An empirical study in the US

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado

County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado

Acute effects of whey protein on energy intake, appetite and gastric emptying in younger and older, obese men

Geographic variation in and contextual factors related to biguanide adherence amongst medicaid enrolees with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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