Social vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs

Iguacel, Isabel; Gasch-Gallén, Ángel; Ayala-Marín, Alelí M.; Miguel-Etayo, Pilar De; Moreno, Luís A.

doi:10.1038/s41366-020-00697-y

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Family SEP in early life influences the development of nutrition and physical activity patterns and these behaviours track across childhood. 31 There could also be clustered risk associated with disadvantage, such as social vul nerabilities, 32 in early life; these vulnerabilites present at birth and have previously been shown to be related to obesity from age 6 years in a Spanish Cohort. 33 Additionally, previous research shows that early life SEP is related to adult FM, but with limited and less consistent results for FFM, and no research has been conducted for the FM:FFM ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-level and family-level socioeconomic position and body composition trajectories: longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Staatz

Kelly

Lacey

et al. 2021

The Lancet Public Health

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Background Inequalities in the trajectories of body composition in childhood and adolescence have been infrequently studied. Despite the importance of environmental factors in obesity development, little research has looked at arealevel socioeconomic position, independent of family socioeconomic position. We aimed to assess how inequalities in body composition develop with age. Methods The Millennium Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of 19 243 families who had a child born between 2000 and 2002 in the UK. Multilevel growth curve models were applied to examine change in fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI; using the Benn index), and fat mass to fat free mass ratio (FM:FFM), measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, from ages 7 years to 17 years by the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and household income at baseline. Findings Inequalities in FMI and FM:FFM ratio are evident at age 7 years and widen with age. At age 17 years, adolescents in the most disadvantaged IMD group had FMI 0•57 kg/m B (B=Benn parameter; 95% CI 0•43 to 0•70) higher and FM:FFM ratio 0•037 (95% CI 0•026 to 0•047) higher compared with the most advantaged group. Disadvantaged socioeconomic position is associated with higher FFMI but is reversed in adolescence after adjustment for FMI. Inequalities were greater in girls at age 7 years (mean FMI 0•22 kg/m B ; 95% CI 0•13 to 0•32) compared with boys of the same age (0•05 kg/m B ; -0•04 to 0•15, p=0•3), but widen fastest in boys, especially for FMI, in which there was over an 11 times increase in the inequality from age 7 years of 0•05kg/m B (95% CI -0•04 to 0•15) to 0•62 kg/m B at 17 years (0•42 to 0•82). Inequalities for the IMD were similar to income, and persisted at age 17 years independent of family socioeconomic position. Interpretation Childhood and adolescence is an important period to address inequalities in body composition, as they emerge and widen. Policies should consider FFM as well as FM, and inequalities in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-level and family-level socioeconomic position and body composition trajectories: longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Staatz

Kelly

Lacey

et al. 2021

The Lancet Public Health

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“…Similar definitions have been provided by others. 8 We acknowledge the importance of social determinants of health such as socio‐economic position and macrolevel social determinants such as structural racism; however, they are beyond the scope of this paper. The aims of this paper are to (1) describe components of the social environment important for childhood obesity prevention and control among Hispanic/Latinx children and families in the United States and Latin America; (2) delineate how the social environment has been targeted for change to prevent and control childhood obesity; and (3) discuss some promising future directions for cross‐border research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling not only communicates norms and expectations to follow but also builds skills to engage in healthy behaviors and helps ensure that the environment is supportive of healthy choices 7 . Social environmental influences also can increase a child's risk for obesity 8 . For example, a well‐intentioned parent can restrict certain foods (e.g., sugar‐sweetened beverages) from their children as a way of limiting access, but these restrictions may have unintended consequences such as the child seeking out more of these foods in other contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social environment and childhood obesity: Implications for research and practice in the United States and countries in Latin America

et al. 2021

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Summary The environments of children influence their risk for childhood obesity through, among other factors, a child's weight‐related behaviors (i.e., diet and physical activity). In this article, we present evidence on social environmental factors associated with a child's diet and physical activity, and more generally, the prevention and control of childhood obesity among Hispanic/Latinx children in the United States and children from countries in Latin America. Using a socio‐ecologic lens, we present evidence from cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in the United States involving Hispanic/Latinx children, and evidence from studies involving children in Latin America. Studies examining parenting factors in the home environment (e.g., parenting strategies) are especially emphasized, with more limited evidence on social environmental factors in other lived contexts (e.g., school). The influence of acculturation on social relationships cuts across levels of the socio‐ecological framework. Intervention research identified strategies and research gaps for intervening on social factors to promote healthy behaviors and reduce risk for childhood obesity. Community health workers and others forms of peer support were identified as relevant approaches at multiple levels of the socio‐ecological framework. This article concludes with directions for future research to further understand the environment using newer information and communication technologies.

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“…Because child overweight and obesity follow a social gradient, for maximum effect, policies must incorporate proven strategies aimed concomitantly at poverty and obesity. For example, initiatives that target children who face exposure to poverty, greater risk of overweight and obesity, and stressful life circumstances may help disadvantaged children overcome obstacles faced within the academic setting (Iguacel et al, 2020; Venturelli et al, 2019). The dual negative impact of economic constraints and overweight or obesity on brain development, cognition, and academic outcomes underscores the importance of early identification of, and assistance to, children suffering with overweight or obesity (Davies et al, 2007; Hair et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child obesity moderates the association between poverty and academic achievement

Kranjac

2021

Psychology in the Schools

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Childhood overweight and obesity are major public health problems in the United States. Children who experience poverty are 1.5 times more likely to suffer with overweight and 1.6 times more likely to have obesity. The extent to which overweight or obesity exacerbates the negative influence of socioeconomic inequality on child academic outcomes has not yet been examined. We estimated the effect of poverty on math and reading achievement trajectories using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) Kindergarten class of 1998−1999 survey data and multilevel growth curve modeling techniques. Our findings indicate that the impact of obesity status is more pronounced for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds in both reading and math achievement, as well as for children with overweight in reading achievement scores. Thus, we see evidence that overweight and obesity moderate the pathway through which early‐childhood poverty affects school performance. Given that we identified overweight and obesity as putative mechanisms through which socioeconomic deprivation affects academic achievement, focusing on overweight and obesity prevention may alter students’ academic trajectories. Taken together, we see evidence that the combined negative effect of increased weight status and poverty, beyond the independent effects of each, has far‐reaching consequences for educational outcomes.

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Social vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs

Cited by 45 publications

References 101 publications

Area-level and family-level socioeconomic position and body composition trajectories: longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Area-level and family-level socioeconomic position and body composition trajectories: longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

The social environment and childhood obesity: Implications for research and practice in the United States and countries in Latin America

Child obesity moderates the association between poverty and academic achievement

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