Social tipping points in animal societies

Pruitt, Jonathan N.; Berdahl, Andrew M.; Riehl, Christina; Pinter‐Wollman, Noa; Moeller, Holly V.; Pringle, Elizabeth G.; Aplin, Lucy M.; Robinson, Elva J. H.; Grilli, Jacopo; Yeh, Pamela J.; Savage, Van M.; Price, Michael Holton; Garland, Joshua; Gilby, Ian C.; Crofoot, Margaret C.; Doering, Grant Navid; Hobson, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1282

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, hysteresis, which is observed within discontinuous phase transitions, means that under the same external conditions the system can be in a different states depending on its previous states (history). The social hysteresis was observed in animal [49,51,52] as well as in human societies [50,54,55]. The second phenomena, so-called critical mass, which was recently observed experimentally in social convention [53] is also strongly related to the discontinuous phase transitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Is there any reason, other than academic, to distinguish between continuous and discontinuous phase transitions? In the face of the social observations, and more recently also laboratory experiments, it seems that discontinuous phase transitions are particularly important, mainly because of the notion of the social hysteresis and the critical mass [49][50][51][52][53]. Both phenomena are strictly related to discontinuous phase transitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Homogeneous Symmetrical Threshold Model with Nonconformity: Independence versus Anticonformity

Nowak

Sznajd-Weron

2019

Complexity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study two variants of the modified Watts threshold model with a noise (with nonconformity, in the terminology of social psychology) on a complete graph. Within the first version, a noise is introduced via so-called independence, whereas in the second version anticonformity plays the role of a noise, which destroys the order. The modified Watts threshold model, studied here, is homogeneous and posses an up-down symmetry, which makes it similar to other binary opinion models with a single-flip dynamics, such as the majority-vote and the q-voter models. Because within the majority-vote model with independence only continuous phase transitions are observed, whereas within the q-voter model with independence also discontinuous phase transitions are possible, we ask the question about the factor, which could be responsible for discontinuity of the order parameter. We investigate the model via the mean-field approach, which gives the exact result in the case of a complete graph, as well as via Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we provide a heuristic reasoning, which explains observed phenomena. We show that indeed, if the threshold r = 0.5, which corresponds to the majority-vote model, an order-disorder transition is continuous. Moreover, results obtained for both versions of the model (one with independence and the second one with anticonformity) give the same results, only rescaled by the factor of 2. However, for r > 0.5 the jump of the order parameter and the hysteresis is observed for the model with independence, and both versions of the model give qualitatively different results.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous Symmetrical Threshold Model with Nonconformity: Independence versus Anticonformity

Nowak

Sznajd-Weron

2019

Complexity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Discussing populations or ecosystems as "systems" that can exist in different states has a long history in ecology (May, 1974;Solé & Goodwin, 2000). Referring to social groups in this way is less common, but interest in the utility of this viewpoint is growing (Doering et al, 2018;Flack et al, 2006Flack et al, , 2005Pruitt et al, 2018).…”

Section: Collective Behaviour Is Vulnerable To Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, collective behaviours might be "self-organized," where individuals re-create the same group behaviour after disturbances by following the same set of interaction patterns that created the initial group behaviour (Bonabeau, Theraulaz, Deneubourg, Aron, & Camazine, 1997;Fisher, West, Lomeli, Woodard, & Purcell, 2019). In contrast, groups might change their behaviour following disturbances, if they are shunted into different "states" following a disturbance (Doering, Scharf, Moeller, & Pruitt, 2018;Flack et al, 2006Flack et al, , 2005Pruitt et al, 2018), or engage in nonlinear interactions that give divergent trajectories, and so different group phenotypes, from a similar set of starting conditions (Cole, 1994;Fisher, Brachmann, & Burant, 2018;Honegger & de Bivort, 2018;May & Oster, 1976). However, the robustness of group phenotypes to disturbances is not well documented (but see: Flack et al, 2005Flack et al, , 2006Formica et al, 2016;Kubitza et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the repeatability, robustness to disturbance, and parent–offspring colony resemblance of collective behavior

Fisher

Lichtenstein

Costa‐Pereira

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Groups of animals possess phenotypes such as collective behaviour, which may determine the fitness of group members. However, the stability and robustness to perturbations of collective phenotypes in natural conditions is not established. Furthermore, whether group phenotypes are transmitted from parent to offspring groups with fidelity is required for understanding how selection on group phenotypes contributes to evolution, but parent–offspring resemblance at the group level is rarely estimated. We evaluated the repeatability, robustness to perturbation and parent–offspring resemblance of collective foraging aggressiveness in colonies of the social spider Anelosimus eximius. Among‐colony differences in foraging aggressiveness were consistent over time but changed if the colony was perturbed through the removal of individuals or via individuals’ removal and subsequent return. Offspring and parent colony behaviour were correlated at the phenotypic level, but only once the offspring colony had settled after being translocated, and the correlation overlapped with zero at the among‐colony level. The parent–offspring resemblance was not driven by a shared elevation but could be due to other environmental factors. The behaviour of offspring colonies in a common garden laboratory setting was not correlated with the behaviour of the parent colony nor with the same colony's behaviour once it was returned to the field. The phenotypes of groups represent a potentially important tier of biological organization, and assessing the stability and heritability of such phenotypes helps us better understand their role in evolution.

show abstract

“…These predators can play key roles in regulating herbivory by urchins on giant kelp (Burt et al, 2018; Caselle, Davis, & Marks, 2018). However, the role of variation in urchin size structure and individual behavioral variation in their susceptibility to predation remains mysterious, even though such variation in mortality could explain variation in community susceptibility to urchin-driven state shifts, like between kelp forests vs. urchin barrens, a process often referred to as a “tipping point” (Pruitt et al, 2018; Selkoe et al, 2015). We focused on how two behavioral traits in might determine prey survival in the presence of spiny lobsters: propensity to move (activity level), which can increase or decrease encounter rates with predators (Huey & Pianka, 1981; Skelly, 1994), and urchin’s tendency to conceal themselves with substrate (covering behavior).…”

Section: Inroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced selection on urchin activity level depends on urchin body size

Pretorius

Lichtenstein

Eliason

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior impact many ecological processes. We 1 2 simultaneously examined the effects of individual variation in prey activity level, covering behavior, and 1 3 body size on prey survival with predators using an urchin-lobster system. Specifically, we tested the 1 4 hypothesis that slow-moving purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and urchins who deploy 1 5 extensive substrate (pebbles and stones) covering behavior will out-survive active urchins that deploy 1 6 little to no covering behavior when pitted against a predator, the California spiny lobster (Panulirus 1 7 interruptus). We evaluated this hypothesis by first confirming whether individual urchins exhibit 1 8 temporally consistent differences in activity level and covering behavior, which they did. Next, we placed 1 9

show abstract

Social tipping points in animal societies

Cited by 42 publications

References 68 publications

Homogeneous Symmetrical Threshold Model with Nonconformity: Independence versus Anticonformity

Homogeneous Symmetrical Threshold Model with Nonconformity: Independence versus Anticonformity

Assessing the repeatability, robustness to disturbance, and parent–offspring colony resemblance of collective behavior

Predator-induced selection on urchin activity level depends on urchin body size

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About