“…Thirdly, our focus on the high school population (ages 14-18) in the core stage of middle and late adolescence is a critical developmental level for research on social goals. The majority of past research on social goals has focused largely on elementary and middle school students (e.g., Anderman, 1999;Kiefer et al, 2013;Mouratidis & Sideridis, 2009;Rodkin et al, 2012;Ryan et al, 1997;Ryan & Shim, 2008;Shim et al, 2013;Wentzel et al, 2010;Wentzel, Baker, & Russell, 2012) and to a lesser extent on college students (Gable, 2006;Horst et al, 2007;Ryan & Shim, 2006;Shim & Ryan, 2012). The few studies on high school-aged students' social goals (e.g., Jarvinen & Nicholls, 1996;Roussel et al, 2011) did not use the development vs. demonstration social achievement goal conceptualization.…”