Social support, type A behavior, and coronary artery disease.

Blumenthal, James A.; Burg, Matthew M.; Barefoot, John C.; Williams, Redford B.; Haney, Thomas L.; Zimet, Gregory D.

doi:10.1097/00006842-198707000-00002

Cited by 512 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

301

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The testretest reliability for the total and the 3 subscales in previous studies was 0.85, 0.72, 0.85, and 0.75, respectively. 24 For the current study internal consistency for the total and 3 subscales was 0.94, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.89, respectively.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Individuals with social support are significantly less likely to develop depression than those without social support (23)(24)(25). Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of social support are at reduced risk for developing cardiovascular disease, a disease frequently resulting from a history of hypertension (26,27). Glynn, Christenfeld, and Gerin (28) further supported this finding by demonstrating that male and female subjects who received supportive feedback, versus no feedback, when giving an impromptu speech experienced significantly lower increases in their BP.…”

Section: Shared Psychosocial Risk Factors For Hypertension and Depresmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of stress and social support in predicting depression among a hypertensive African American sample

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-To examine social support, stress and selected demographic variables as predictors of depression among African Americans with hypertension.Methods-Archival data collected on 194 hypertensive African Americans ranging in age from 30 to 88 years (mean age = 58.3, SD = 12.2; 63% female) were analyzed in the present study. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using two models of depression. The first model included basic demographic characteristics of the sample, including age, sex, educational attainment, income, and employment status. In the second model, the psychosocial variables of stress and social support were added to determine their predictive value.Results-The first model accounted for 14% of the variance in depression and identified sex and age as significant predictors. The second model, in which two psychosocial variables were added, accounted for 45.2% of the total variance, with age, stress, and social support as significant predictors.Conclusions-Stress and social support are significant predictors of depression in a hypertensive African American population, beyond the influence of various demographic variables. These results have implications for prevention and intervention strategies with the target population. KeywordsHypertension; Blood Pressure; Depression; Stress; Social Support Keywords BP = blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Proofs and Correspondences may be sent to: John P. Dennis, 221 North Grand Ave., Shannon Hall 224, St. Louis, MO 63103, Phone: 314-977-3686, Fax: 314-977-1006, dennisjp@slu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Among adults living in the U.S., nearly one in three has high blood pressure (1), with 30% unaware of their condition (2). High blood pressure has been identified as a major risk factor for stroke, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease (3), as well as a number of psychological problems including depression and various anxiety disorders (4-6). Early detection of those at risk for developing high blood pressure enables individuals to learn of the risks associated with this condition and the steps that they can take to prevent and/or treat it. Discovery of factors that increase the likelihood that individuals with high blood pressure will develop more serious health and/or psychological problems will promote the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. Therefore, identification of potential risk factors...

show abstract

“…Potential confounders have been suggested. For instance, animal model studies 67 and some human studies 68,69 suggest that social support is a potential confounding variable. Furthermore, suspecting that not all components of type A behavior are pathogenic, investigators have examined the components of this behavior pattern.…”

Section: Personality and Character Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Recent studies provide clear and convincing evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This evidence is composed largely of data relating CAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chronic life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between these entities and CAD can be divided into behavioral mechanisms, whereby psychosocial conditions contribute to a higher frequency of adverse health behaviors, such as poor diet and smoking, and direct pathophysiological mechanisms, such as neuroendocrine and platelet activation. An extensive body of evidence from animal models (especially the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis) reveals that chronic psychosocial stress can lead, probably via a mechanism involving excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, to exacerbation of coronary artery atherosclerosis as well as to transient endothelial dysfunction and even necrosis. Evidence from monkeys also indicates that psychosocial stress reliably induces ovarian dysfunction, hypercortisolemia, and excessive adrenergic activation in premenopausal females, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis.Also reviewed are data relating CAD to acute stress and individual differences in sympathetic nervous system responsivity. New technologies and research from animal models demonstrate that acute stress triggers myocardial ischemia, promotes arrhythmogenesis, stimulates platelet function, and increases blood viscosity through hemoconcentration. In the presence of underlying atherosclerosis (eg, in CAD patients), acute stress also causes coronary vasoconstriction. Recent data indicate that the foregoing effects result, at least in part, from the endothelial dysfunction and injury induced by acute stress. Hyperresponsivity of the sympathetic nervous system, manifested by exaggerated heart rate and blood pressure responses to psychological stimuli, is an intrinsic characteristic among some individuals. Current data link sympathetic nervous system hyperresponsivity to accelerated development of carotid atherosclerosis in human subjects and to exacerbated coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in monkeys.Thus far, intervention trials designed to reduce psychosocial stress have been limited in size and number. Specific suggestions to improve the assessment of behavioral interventions include more complete delineation of the physiological mechanisms by which such interventions might work; increased use of new, more convenient "alternative" end points for behavioral intervention trials; development of specifically targeted behavioral interventions (based on profiling of patient factors); and evaluation of previously developed models of predicting behavioral change. The importance of maximizing the efficacy of behavioral interventions is underscored by the recognition that psychosocial stresses tend to cluster together. ...

show abstract

Social support, type A behavior, and coronary artery disease.

Cited by 512 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure

Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure

The role of stress and social support in predicting depression among a hypertensive African American sample

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About