Social Support Moderates the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Duration and Treatment Outcomes in Telemedicine‐Based Treatment Among Rural Veterans

Campbell, Sarah B.; Erbes, Christopher R.; Grubbs, Kathleen M.; Fortney, John C.

doi:10.1002/jts.22542

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…They are especially important during and after traumatic stress exposures [ 24 , 100 ], with evidence suggesting that they predict recovery in collective/community trauma settings (a traumatic event[s] such as a pandemic or natural disaster that affects an entire people group or society; [see 28, 80, 81]), and are integrally associated with PTSD symptoms over time [ 101 ]. In clinical settings, social support influences patients’ ability to extract benefits from trauma-focused treatments [ 12 , 45 , 58 , 76 ]. Cross-sectional research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic identified social support as a predictor and buffer of mental health among healthcare workers [ 31 ] and community members [ 43 ], and likely to be involved in development, persistence, and/or resolution of post-pandemic PTSD [ 104 ].…”

Section: Resilience Via the Interplay Of Interpersonal And Intra-indi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cognitive mechanisms in healthcare worker resilience across time during the pandemic

Smith

Shoji

Griffin

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Healthcare workers are at increased risk for mental health problems during disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying resilience mechanisms can inform development of interventions for this population. The current study examined pathways that may support healthcare worker resilience, specifically testing enabling (social support enabled self-efficacy) and cultivation (self-efficacy cultivating support) models. Methods Healthcare workers (N = 828) in the Rocky Mountain West completed self-report measures at four time points (once per month from April to July of 2020). We estimated structural equation models to explore the potential mediating effects that received social support and coping self-efficacy had (at time 2 and time 3) between traumatic stress symptom severity (at time 1 and time 4). Models included covariates gender, age, minority status, and time lagged co-variations between the proposed mediators (social support and coping self-efficacy). Results The full model fit the data well, CFI = .993, SRMR = .027, RMSEA = .036 [90% CIs (0.013, 0.057)]. Tests of sequential mediation supported enabling model dynamics. Specifically, the effects of time 1 traumatic stress severity were mediated through received social support at time 2 and time 3 coping self-efficacy, in sequential order to reduce time 4 traumatic stress severity. Conclusions Findings show the importance of received social support and coping self-efficacy in mitigating psychopathology risk. Interventions can support mental health by focusing on social resource engagement that facilitates coping empowerment, which may decrease risk for mental health job-related problems among frontline healthcare workers exposed to highly stressful events.

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Section: Resilience Via the Interplay Of Interpersonal And Intra-indi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cognitive mechanisms in healthcare worker resilience across time during the pandemic

Smith

Shoji

Griffin

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Jain et al, 2020;Weiss, Azevedo, Webb, Gimeno, & Cloitre, 2018). Recent studies of trauma-focused treatments have found that a significant mediator and moderator of PTSD outcome has been social support where social support at the beginning of treatment as well as during the course of treatment was associated with PTSD symptom reduction (Campbell, Erbes, Grubbs, & Fortney, 2020;Price et al, 2018). These observations have led to a growing interest in the contributions that positive social and interpersonal experiences can make to PTSD recovery (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Resource Building Virtual Care Programme: improving symptoms and social functioning among female and male rural veterans

Bauer

Amspoker

Fletcher

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Veterans have higher rates of PTSD and depression compared to the general population and experience substantial functional impairment. Impairment in social functioning has been a significant concern among Veterans, particularly rural Veterans, who have limited access to mental health care and are at risk for social isolation. Objective: A mixed-method study was implemented to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of webSTAIR, a web-based skills training programme, paired with home-based telehealth sessions. It was hypothesized that the programme would lead not only to reductions in PTSD and depression but also to improvements in social functioning. Method: Participants were 80 trauma-exposed Veterans enrolled in rural-serving VHA facilities with clinically elevated symptoms of either PTSD or depression. The study directed substantial outreach efforts to rural women Veterans and those who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST). Results: Significant improvements were obtained with PTSD and depression symptoms as well as in social functioning, emotion regulation, and interpersonal problems at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. Ratings of therapeutic alliance were high as were reports of overall satisfaction in the programme. There were no differences by gender or MST status in symptom outcomes or satisfaction. Conclusions:The results support the feasibility and effectiveness of this integrated telehealth web-based skills training programme for both male and female Veterans as well as for those with and without MST. The focus on resource building and improved functioning make this programme of particular interest. Further testing is warranted.Un modelo de atención virtual de desarrollo de recursos: Mejora los síntomas y el funcionamiento social de los veteranos, hombres y mujeres, de zonas rurales.Antecedentes: Los veteranos tienen tasas más altas de TEPT y depresión en comparación con la población general y experimentan un deterioro funcional sustancial. El deterioro del funcionamiento social ha sido una preocupación importante entre los Veteranos, particularmente los Veteranos rurales, que tienen acceso limitado a la atención de salud mental y están en riesgo de aislamiento social, lo que contribuye significativamente a problemas de salud. Objetivo: Se implementó un estudio de método mixto para evaluar la viabilidad y efectividad de webSTAIR, un programmea de capacitación en habilidades basado en la web, combinado con sesiones de telesalud en el hogar. Se planteó la hipótesis de que el programmea conduciría no solo a reducciones en el trastorno de estrés postraumático y la depresión, sino también a mejoras en el funcionamiento social. Método: Los participantes fueron 80 Veteranos expuestos a traumas inscritos en el sistema VHA de servicio rural, con síntomas clínicamente elevados de TEPT o depresión. El estudio dirigió importantes esfuerzos de divulgación a las mujeres rurales Veteranas y aquellas que han experimentado un trauma sexual militar (TSM). Resultados: Se obtuvieron mejoras signi...

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“…Withdrawal from social interaction was a second prevalent theme; interviewees reported behaving in ways that both actively and passively severed their connections with others. By extension, clinical interventions for soul wounds should consider involving both peer leaders and family members in treatment, particularly given evidence that social support can boost the effectiveness of programming for military personnel (e.g., Campbell et al, 2020; Meis et al, 2019; Whybrow et al, 2015). A third overarching theme concerned the stigma of suffering, whereby people with soul wounds judged themselves as weak and wondered if others would judge them poorly as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soul wounds among combat trauma survivors: Experience, effects, and advice.

Knobloch¹,

Owens²,

Gobin³

2022

Traumatology

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The term soul wounds is gaining momentum in military psychology to index spiritual distress from traumatic experiences in combat. Fully capitalizing on the promise of the concept, however, requires research privileging the voices of military personnel themselves. The goal of our study was to examine whether the concept of soul wounds resonates with U.S. service members and veterans who graduated from a combat trauma healing course. Results from semistructured interviews with 40 graduates of the REBOOT Combat Recovery course provided insight into the experience of soul wounds (Research Question 1), the effects of soul wounds on everyday life (Research Question 2), and advice for dealing with soul wounds (Research Question 3). Participants affirmed the value of the concept and reported a variety of negative consequences. Implications for practice include addressing the anger military personnel experience in the aftermath of soul wounds, counteracting the stigma of seeking help, and fostering healthy relationships among those experiencing soul wounds.

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Social Support Moderates the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Duration and Treatment Outcomes in Telemedicine‐Based Treatment Among Rural Veterans

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Social cognitive mechanisms in healthcare worker resilience across time during the pandemic

Social cognitive mechanisms in healthcare worker resilience across time during the pandemic

A Resource Building Virtual Care Programme: improving symptoms and social functioning among female and male rural veterans

Soul wounds among combat trauma survivors: Experience, effects, and advice.

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