Social support and its consequences: ‘Positive’ and ‘deficiency’ values and their implications for support and self‐esteem

Goodwin, Robin; Costa, Patrícia; Adonu, Joseph

doi:10.1348/0144666042038006

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Empirical evidence in social psychology, however, has found that perceived support is more consistently related to outcome variables than received support (e.g., Cohen & Hoberman, 1983;Wethington & Kessler, 1986;Helgeson, 1993). Further, perceived and received support may, in fact, be distinct constructs that typically share as little as 20% common variance (e.g., Cohen & Hoberman, 1983;Goodwin, Costa, & Adonu, 2004;Komproe, Rijken, Ros, Winnubst, & Hart, 1997). The present study addresses the recommendation of Bianco and Eklund (2001) to incorporate measures of both perceived and received support in the same study.…”

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confidence: 78%

The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcome

Freeman

Rees

2008

European Journal of Sport Science

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This study examined the main and stress-buffering effects of perceived and received support upon objective performance outcome. The sample consisted of 123 male British high performance golfers, mean age 25.3 years (SD = 5.4). Participants completed measures of perceived support, stressors, stress, and received support before competitions. After the competitions, performance outcome (number of shots) was recorded. When both types of support were considered separately, there were significant main effects for perceived (ΔR 2 = .08, b = -.81, p < .01) and received support (ΔR 2 = .05, b = -.68, p < .01) on performance. There were also significant stress-buffering effects for perceived (ΔR 2 = .03, b = -.48, p = .02) and received support (ΔR 2 = .06, b = -.61, p < .01). When both types of support were considered simultaneously, the significant main effect (R 2 = .09, p < .01) was primarily attributable to perceived support (b = -.63, p = .02). The significant stress-buffering effect (R 2 = .06, p = .01) was primarily attributable to received support (b = -.56, p = .04). These results demonstrate the beneficial influence of social support on performance. The findings highlight the need to recognise the distinction between perceived and received support, both in terms of theory and the design of social support interventions with athletes.The Effects of 3The Effects of Perceived and Received Support on Objective Performance Outcome Social support is a key construct in relation to mental health (see Kessler & McLeod, 1985, for a review), physical health (see Schwarzer & Leppin, 1991, for a review), and physiological processes (see Uchino, Cacioppo, & Kiecolt-Glaser, 1996, for a review). In sport, athletes have been encouraged to use social support as a useful resource (Richman, Hardy, Rosenfeld, & Callanan, 1989). Research has suggested that social support is beneficial in dealing with competitive stress (Crocker, 1992), slumps in performance (Madden, Kirkby, & McDonald, 1989), burn-out (Gould, Tuffey, Udry, & Loehr, 1996, and injury (Bianco, 2001;Smith, Smoll, & Ptacek, 1990). Recent studies have also demonstrated that social support is positively associated with performance outcome (Rees, Hardy, & Freeman, 2007) and process-related performance variables (Rees & Hardy, 2004;Rees, Ingledew, & Hardy, 1999). Additionally, a small number of qualitative studies have highlighted social support as a positive factor affecting sports performance (e.g., Gould, Guinan, Greenleaf, Medbery, & Peterson, 1999;Greenleaf, Gould, & Dieffenbach, 2001). The purpose of the present study was to further examine the influence of social support on objective performance outcome.Social support is a complex concept (Bianco & Eklund, 2001), encompassing structural and functional aspects of interpersonal relationships (Cohen & Wills, 1985). Functional aspects refer to the particular functions served by interpersonal relationships (Cohen, 1988 Eklund (2001) to incorporate measures of both perceived and received support in the same study.Th...

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confidence: 78%

The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcome

Freeman

Rees

2008

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…Perceived and received support are distinct constructs, typically sharing as little as 20% common variance (e.g. Cohen & Hoberman, 1983;Goodwin, Costa, & Adonu, 2004;Komproe, Rijken, Ros, Winnubst, & Hart, 1997). The distinction between perceived and received support is an important consideration for sport psychologists and coaches working with athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of perceived and received support on self-confidence

Rees

Freeman

2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Whilst both measures of support usually reflect an individual's perceptions of support provision, received support describes the actions actually performed by others when offering assistance. Perceived support may be best seen as a stable, individual characteristic (the perception that one is adequately supported) (Goodwin, Cost, & Adonu, 2004;Kohl & Murray, 2012). Both kinds of support are significantly correlated with self-esteem (Goodwin et al, 2004) and sport performance (Freeman & Rees, 2008), although in adult groups stronger correlations are observed with perceived support.…”

Section: Family Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family and individual predictors and mediators of adolescent physical activity

Tabak¹,

Mazur²,

Nałęcz³

2017

Health Psychology Report

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Background In recent years, many reviews of research have demonstrated that the correlations between the physical activity of children and their parents are not as obvious as was once believed. Family factors constitute determinants of children’s physical activity; however, this influence can be mediated by other factors. The aim of the analyses was to examine the mechanisms of the relationships between parental and individual factors: to examine whether parental modelling of physical activity and parental support are direct and indirect predictors of children’s physical activity and whether self-efficacy is a mediator of these relationships. Participants and procedure Data from 1,287 Polish adolescents aged 14 to 18 were analysed. The study used questions and scales regarding perceived parental modelling of physical activity (perceived parental physical activity and joint activities), received parental support, and self-efficacy, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) of adolescents. Statistical analyses included partial correlations, regression analyses and structural equation modelling. Results It was found that self-efficacy, support, gender and parental modelling are independent predictors of physical activity in adolescents; the strongest predictors are self-efficacy and support. Support was a mediator of the relationship between modelling and physical activity and between modelling and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was a mediator of the relationship between support and physical activity. Conclusions Parental physical activity, as well as parents’ engagement in joint activity and children’s activity, strengthens self-efficacy in adolescents and predisposes young people to maintain physically active behaviour.

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Social support and its consequences: ‘Positive’ and ‘deficiency’ values and their implications for support and self‐esteem

Cited by 78 publications

References 45 publications

The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcome

The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcome

The effects of perceived and received support on self-confidence

Family and individual predictors and mediators of adolescent physical activity

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