Social Stress and Susceptibility to Concentrated Particulate Air Pollution (Caps) in Rats

Clougherty, Jane E.; Rossi, Christina; Lawrence, Joy; Long, Mark S.; Diaz, Edgar A.; Lim, Robert; McEwen, Bruce S.; Koutrakis, Petros; Godleski, John J.

doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000362345.61583.ca

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“…Test animals were exposed to controlled CAPs for 5 hr on days after stress exposures. Across four exposure groups [stress/CAPs; stress/filtered air (FA); nonstress/CAPs; nonstress/FA], animals exposed to both stress and CAPs displayed elevated C-reactive protein and altered respiratory function relative to other groups, with higher frequencies and briefer pauses after inspiration and expiration, suggesting a shallower, more rapid breathing pattern ( Clougherty et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Key Issues To Be Addressed As This Work Progressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Examining Social Stress and Susceptibility to Air Pollution in Respiratory Health

Clougherty¹,

Kubzansky

2009

Environ Health Perspect

171

148

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ObjectiveThere is growing interest in disentangling the health effects of spatially clustered social and physical environmental exposures and in exploring potential synergies among them, with particular attention directed to the combined effects of psychosocial stress and air pollution. Both exposures may be elevated in lower-income urban communities, and it has been hypothesized that stress, which can influence immune function and susceptibility, may potentiate the effects of air pollution in respiratory disease onset and exacerbation. In this paper, we attempt to synthesize the relevant research from social and environmental epidemiology, toxicology, immunology, and exposure assessment to provide a useful framework for environmental health researchers aiming to investigate the health effects of environmental pollution in combination with social or psychological factors.Data synthesisWe review the existing epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence on synergistic effects of stress and pollution, and then describe the physiologic effects of stress and key issues related to measuring and evaluating stress as it relates to physical environmental exposures and susceptibility. Finally, we identify some of the major methodologic challenges ahead as we work toward disentangling the health effects of clustered social and physical exposures and accurately describing the interplay among these exposures.ConclusionsThere is still tremendous work to be done toward understanding the combined and potentially synergistic health effects of stress and pollution. As this research proceeds, we recommend careful attention to the relative temporalities of stress and pollution exposures, to nonlinearities in their independent and combined effects, to physiologic pathways not elucidated by epidemiologic methods, and to the relative spatial distributions of social and physical exposures at multiple geographic scales.

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Section: Key Issues To Be Addressed As This Work Progressesmentioning

confidence: 99%