Social Status, Mother-infant Time Together, and Breastfeeding Duration

Kiehl, Ermalynn M.; Anderson, Gene Cranston; Wilson, Margaret E.; Fosson, Lydia

doi:10.1177/089033449601200317

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Among foragers, "divorce or paternal death leads to high rates of child mortality among the Ache, the Hiwi, and the !Kung, but not the Hadza" (Kaplan et al 2000:173). Similar to findings for foragers, in the world's large-scale "industrial" populations, public health studies consistently find that single mothers tend to wean their children earlier than do women living with a mate (Bar-Yam and Darby 1997; Kiehl et al 1996;Pande et al 1997;Vega Lopez and Gonzalez Perez 1993). This association is probably related to the trade-off between breastfeeding and women's work (Arlotti et al 1998;Fein and Roe 1998;Visness and Kennedy 1997) that may be particularly pressing among single mothers.…”

Section: Why Do Humans Form Pair-bonds?mentioning

confidence: 75%

Human Lactation, Pair-bonds, and Alloparents

Quinlan

2007

Hum Nat

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The evolutionary origin of human pair-bonds is uncertain. One hypothesis, supported by data from forgers, suggests that pair-bonds function to provision mothers and dependent offspring during lactation. Similarly, public health data from large-scale industrial societies indicate that single mothers tend to wean their children earlier than do women living with a mate. Here we examine relations between pair-bond stability, alloparenting, and cross-cultural trends in breastfeeding using data from 58 "traditional" societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS). Analyses show that stable conjugal relationships were associated with significantly later weaning among the societies in the SCCS. The relationship between pair-bond stability and age at weaning was not mediated by women's ability to provision themselves or women's kin support. Availability of alloparental care was also inversely related to age at weaning, and the association was not significantly reduced after controlling for frequency of divorce. This study indicates that among a woman's kin relationships, a pair-bond with a child's father is especially supportive of breastfeeding. These cross-cultural findings are further evidence that human pair-bonds may have evolved to support lactation.

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Section: Why Do Humans Form Pair-bonds?mentioning

confidence: 75%

Human Lactation, Pair-bonds, and Alloparents

Quinlan

2007

Hum Nat

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“…In a later study, researchers surveyed 100 privately insured women who were breastfeeding at hospital discharge and then again at 6 months postpartum (Kiehl, Anderson, Wilson, & Fosson, 1996). Women who received EA had lower rates of breastfeeding at 6 months (30% vs. 50% continuation).…”

Section: Use Of Epidural Anesthesia During Labor and Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding Problems Following Anesthetic Administration

Howie

McMullen²

2006

jpe

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Research literature supports the notion that maternal comfort should be considered a priority and that mothers should receive adequate information regarding any drug prior to receiving that drug. Some studies indicate that difficulties with breastfeeding may be related to the amount of the anesthetic or analgesic that is administered to the mother. Thus, it seems wise to administer the lowest possible dose to the mother in order to minimize the amount of drug (or metabolite) exposure to the nursing infant. Infant exposure can be further reduced if breastfeeding is avoided during the times when the mother receives high doses of anesthetics and analgesics. However, because relatively small amounts of the drug are excreted into the breast milk, some mothers may opt to continue nursing after weighing the benefits of breastfeeding against the potential risk to the infant. Others may choose to ''pump and dump'' breast milk while they receive anesthetic or analgesic agents. Any concerns in this regard should be discussed with the anesthesia provider, preferably prior to labor or to any surgeries while breastfeeding.

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“…The dose of bupivacaine in the epidural anesthesia was a predictor of diminished mother-baby time and of diminished performance of exposed infants on mean orientation and motor cluster scores on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Another study, however, found that mother-baby time together in the first 48 hours after birth was not associated with the proportion still breast-feeding at 6 months, 20 but it did not examine early breast-feeding effects of mother-baby time together. Our study did not include assessments of mother-baby time while in the hospital as a possible explanation for negative breast-feeding effects of epidurals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Limitations of our study include lack of information regarding length and difficulty of labor, fluid balance, mother-baby time together, and medication type and dosage. We also did not include long-term follow-up (which showed a negative association of epidural anesthesia and breastfeeding rate at 6 months in one study, 20 and negative effects of maternal work in another 19 ). Further studies are needed to clarify the relation between epidural anesthesia and breast-feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Labor Epidural Anesthesia on Breast-feeding of Healthy Full-term Newborns Delivered Vaginally

Baumgarder¹,

Muehl²,

Fischer³

et al. 2003

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Background: Epidural anesthesia is commonly administered to laboring women. Some studies have suggested that epidural anesthesia might inhibit breast-feeding. This study explores the association between labor epidural anesthesia and early breast-feeding success.Methods: Standardized records of mother-baby dyads representing 115 consecutive healthy, fullterm, breast-feeding newborns delivered vaginally of mothers receiving epidural anesthesia were analyzed and compared with 116 newborns not exposed to maternal epidural anesthesia. Primary outcome was two successful breast-feeding encounters by 24 hours of age, as defined by a LATCH breast-feeding assessment score of 7 or more of 10 and a latch score of 2/2. Means were compared with the KruskalWallis test. Categorical data were compared using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. Stratified analysis of potentially confounding variables was performed using Mantel-Haenszel weighted odd ratios (OR) and chi-square for evaluation of interaction.Results: Both epidural and nonepidural anesthesia groups were similar except maternal nulliparity was more common in the epidural anesthesia group. Two successful breast-feedings within 24 hours of age were achieved by 69.6% of mother-baby units that had had epidural anesthesia compared with 81.0% of mother-baby units that had not (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, P ‫؍‬ .04). These relations remained after stratification (weighted odds ratios in parenthesis) based on maternal age (0.52), parity (0.58), narcotics use in labor (0.49), and first breast-feeding within 1 hour (0.49). Babies of mothers who had had epidural anesthesia were significantly more likely to receive a bottle supplement while hospitalized (OR 2.63; P < .001) despite mothers exposed to epidural anesthesia showing a trend toward being more likely to attempt breast-feeding in the 1 hour (OR 1.66; P ‫؍‬ .06). Mothers who had epidural anesthesia and who did not breast-feed within 1 hour were at high risk for having their babies receive bottle supplementation (OR 6.27). Conclusions

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Social Status, Mother-infant Time Together, and Breastfeeding Duration

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Human Lactation, Pair-bonds, and Alloparents

Human Lactation, Pair-bonds, and Alloparents

Breastfeeding Problems Following Anesthetic Administration

Effect of Labor Epidural Anesthesia on Breast-feeding of Healthy Full-term Newborns Delivered Vaginally

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