“…As such improvement creates a negative externality by reducing other individuals' positional utility, the incentives to work are excessive. Variants of this theoretical prediction have been derived by Seidman (1988), Persson (1995), Ljungqvist and Uhlig (2000), Corneo (2002), Dupor and Liu (2003), Cahuc and Postel-Vinay (2005), Alvarez-Cuadrado (2007), Tsoukis (2007), P erez-Asenjo (2011) and Goerke and Hillesheim (2013). In general, only one dimension of working time is considered.…”