Social status and health: A comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in CARDIA

Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men

“…Some evidence suggests that for U.S.-based studies, education and income are stronger predictors of cardiovascular health whereas outside the U.S., occupational status seems to be a stronger predictor (Adler et al, 2008;Havranek et al, 2015;van Rossum et al, 2000). For example, the evidence linking social factors to cardiovascular risk among British civil servants in the Whitehall and Whitehall-II studies was most robust for employment grade (a measure of occupational status unique to civil servants) (van Rossum et al, 2000).…”

“…For example, the evidence linking social factors to cardiovascular risk among British civil servants in the Whitehall and Whitehall-II studies was most robust for employment grade (a measure of occupational status unique to civil servants) (van Rossum et al, 2000). Additionally, Adler and colleagues (Adler et al, 2008) examined the association between subjective social status (SSS) and objective measures of socioeconomic position, and the associations of these measures with health outcomes among British civil servants within the Whitehall-II Study and among U.S. Black and Whites within CARDIA. They found that occupation was a more important determinant of SSS within the Whitehall Study, but education and income were stronger predictors among U.S. whites.…”

Subjective Social Status and Functional Decline in Older Adults

“…Other studies have also reported subjective social status as a categorical variable, although no standardized cutoffs have been established. 11,12,18 Subjective social status has been validated in a large multiethnic sample examining test-retest reliability and predictive utility. 9 …”

“…16 In studies of adults of all ages, lower SSS is associated with worse baseline self-rated health and health status. [11][12][13][14][17][18][19] While some studies find that the associations between subjective social status and health remain after accounting for objective measures of SES, 11,18 others do not. 19 To our knowledge, the only longitudinal study of subjective social status and health was conducted in British civil servants ages 35-55 years 10 and found that SSS was significantly associated with worse 3-year scores in psychological distress, the SF-36, and self-rated health.…”

Factors Associated With Study Completion in Patients With Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…Income is only one component of subjective social status, which may explain why income was not an independent predictor of study attrition in our study but was previously reported to be [10]. Those with lower subjective social status tend to report less optimism, less control of life, and more chronic stress than those of higher subjective social status [21,22]. Together, these traits may lead to less ability to complete longitudinal studies.…”