Social Security Development and the Colonial Legacy

Schmitt, Carina

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.02.006

Cited by 57 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The dynamics and distribution of BSSAs across countries are closely linked with the development of mandated and universal social security programmes across the world and the migration dynamics between countries; and their links to colonial heritage have been demonstrated to play a role (Schmitt, ). Two figures offer a succinct overview: Figure presents the density of BSSAs per country; Figure presents the dynamics between 2000 and 2013 – the legend indicates the number of new BSSAs that entered into force in this timeframe.…”

Section: Basic Information On Bilateral Social Security Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cross‐border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?

Holzmann

Wels

2020

Int Social Security Review

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The importance of the cross-border portability of social benefits is increasing in parallel with the rise in the absolute number of international migrants and their share of the world population, and perhaps more importantly with the much higher and rising share of the world population that for some part of their life is working and/or retiring abroad. This article estimates how the rising stock of migrants is distributed over four key portability regimes ranging from portability through bilateral social security arrangements to undocumented workers with no access to any scheme. The comparison of estimates for 2000 and 2013 indicate a modest but noticeable increase in the share of migrants under regime I (full portability) by 1.4 per cent, but the biggest change occurred under regime III (no access to social security but also no contributions required), which almost doubled to 9.4 per cent. Regime II (potential exportability without totalization) reduced by 3.0 percentage points but remains the dominant scheme (at 53.2 per cent). The estimates suggest that the scope of regime IV (informality) reduced by 2.9 percentage points, accounting for 14.0 per cent of all migrants in 2013. This trend is positive, 65 but more will need to be done to progress on benefit portability and various potential solutions lie outside bilateral agreements that are difficult to establish.

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Section: Basic Information On Bilateral Social Security Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cross‐border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?

Holzmann

Wels

2020

Int Social Security Review

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“…In many LMICs, the European colonial powers pressured the former dependent territories in the mid-20th century to introduce social security according to the schemes implemented in Europe. SeeSchmitt (2015) on the influence of colonial interdependencies on the introduction of social security.…”

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confidence: 99%

The coverage of social protection in the Global South

Schmitt

2019

Int J Soc Welfare

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About 73% of the global population is not, or is only partly, covered by social protection. Particularly across low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), social protection coverage is highly heterogeneous. What explains the large differences in the inclusiveness of social protection across LMICs? By analysing 100 LMICs using retirement schemes as an example, this study shows that non‐contributory schemes in LMICs are, by far, more inclusive than contributory ones. Surprisingly, democratic institutions characterised by low levels of political corruption only promote the inclusiveness of non‐contributory social protection while reducing the coverage of contributory schemes.

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“…While farmers have to rely on land (ownership) and self-sufficiency for old age support, urban dwellers endorse social security systems to smooth consumption over the life cycle. Schmitt (2015) uses a sample of 91 British, French, and Spanish colonies, and, consistent with the hierarchical diffusion argument in Collier and Messick (1975), finds that colonial heritage is an important driver of the adoption, scope, and type of social protection programmes. She shows that the increased heterogeneity of social security programmes across British colonies compared to their French counterparts is largely attributed to the decentralized strategy followed by the British Empire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Richer economies, in terms of higher per capita income, are more likely to implement social security systems, as economic modernization and wealth is one of the main drivers behind the emergence of welfare states (Schmitt 2015). 6 Larger economies in terms of population are also expected to have a higher propensity of introducing a social security system.…”

Section: Data Sources and Fundamental Drivers Of Social Security Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the spread of social protection systems

Egger

Rădulescu

Strecker

2017

Int Tax Public Finance

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Typescript prepared by Lesley Ellen. Terms of use: Documents inThe United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable development. The Institute began operations in 1985 in Helsinki, Finland, as the first research and training centre of the United Nations University. Today it is a unique blend of think tank, research institute, and UN agency-providing a range of services from policy advice to governments as well as freely available original research.The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, FinlandThe views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or the United Nations University, nor the programme/project donors.Abstract: This paper undertakes an empirical analysis of the adoption of various components of social security systems as well as contribution rates. Apart from economic determinants of the adoption, the empirical analysis features determinants relating to countries' political systems and contagion. We analyse to which extent a country's integration into the international network of economic and political cooperation, the similarity of political systems, and economic interdependence facilitate the adoption of social security system components between economies. We study the heterogeneous responses of high and middle to low income economies to country-specific as well as foreign countries' fundamentals.

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Social Security Development and the Colonial Legacy

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

The cross‐border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?

The cross‐border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?

The coverage of social protection in the Global South

On the spread of social protection systems

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