Social resources, health promotion behavior, and quality of life in adults living with HIV

Abstract

Purpose To describe the associations among three social resource variables (social belonging, social support networks, and social capital) and two health promotion behaviors, HIV medication adherence and physical activity, and quality of life among persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Method We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 102 adult PLHIV. Social resource variables and quality of life were assessed using validated and widely-used instruments. Physical activity was assessed using a daily physical activity diary and medication adherence was abstracted from the participant's medical record. Spearman correlations and descriptive statistics were used to analyze associations among variables. Results Fifty-four participants (54%) were male and most were African American (84%), single (69%), and living in poverty (82%). Participants had been living with HIV for an average of 13.6 years (+/−7) and most were living with at least one non-AIDS comorbidity (80%). Social belonging was significantly associated with HIV medication adherence (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.02), overall functioning (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.01) and life satisfaction quality of life (ρ = 0.50, p < 0.01). Social capital was also associated with HIV medication adherence (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.10) and life satisfaction quality of life (ρ = 0.29, p < 0.01). Conclusions We found that there are distinctions among various, widely-used social resource constructs. By describing these unique associations and distinctions, our study helps identify which social resources should be targeted in the development of interventions to improve health promotion and the quality of life of members of this marginalized population.

Social capital and HIV/AIDS in the United States: Knowledge, gaps, and future directions

“…Five employed ecological designs at various geographic units such as states, ZIP codes, and Census tracts ( Holtgrave and Crosby, 2003 , Ransome et al, 2016a , Ransome et al, 2016c , Ransome et al, 2016b , Ransome et al, 2017 , Ransome et al, 2017a ). Three studies were of the entire contiguous US ( Holtgrave and Crosby, 2003 , Grosso, 2010 , Ransome et al, 2017a ), three were based on samples from the Northeast region ( Ransome et al, 2016 , Ransome et al, 2016b , Ransome et al, 2017 ), two from the Southern region ( Cene et al, 2011 , Phillips, 2011 ), two from the Midwest and West ( Webel et al, 2013 , Webel et al, 2016 ), and two included samples from populations dispersed across selected states within the US (e.g., Texas, California, Massachusetts) ( Nokes et al, 2012 , Webel et al, 2012 ).…”

“… ( Phillips et al, 2013 ) Individual, cross-sectional, quantitative Individuals United States (California, Massachusetts, Washington, Illinois, New York, Ohio, North Carolina, Texas, Hawaii, New Jersey, and) and Puerto Rico, and Canada 1,873 PLHIV, ages 18+ in 2009–2010 31- item index based on five factors that were retained from 36- item from the Social Capital Instrument originated by Onyx and Bullen (2000) c . ART Medication Adherence Gender, age, ancestry, ethnicity, education, year diagnosed with HIV, HIV r=0.17, p <.01 for 30-day adherence r=0.13, p <.01 for 100% adherent OR=1.68 [95% CI: 1.37, 2.05] for 100% adherent ( Webel et al, 2016 ) Individual, cross-sectional, quantitative Individuals Ohio 102 PLHIV, 18+ in 2011–2012 36-item Social Capital Instrument originated by Onyx and Bullen (2000) c . ART Medication Adherence None rho=0.17, p =0.10 ( Ransome et al, 2016a , Ransome et al, 2016c ) Ecological, cross-sectional, quantitative, gender-stratified ZIP-codes New York City, New York 2,199 PLHIV 18+ in 2005 and 2006 aggregated across 166 ZIP codes 6-item civic engagement index Rate of late (i.e., stage-3 HIV) HIV diagnosis per 100,000 population Income inequality, social fragmentation, and % black racial composition r=-0.04, ns for civic engagement r=-0.20 p <0.001 for 2-item political participation index political participation r=-0.37, p < 0.001 for social cohesion 3-item social cohesion index, of 5 items from a validated scale d by Sampson et al (1997) r=-0.34, p < 0.001 for informal social control For men: 4-item informal social control index, of 5 items from a validated scale d by Sampson et al (1997) RR=1.38 [95% CI (1.01,1.89)], p <0.05 for high ...…”

“…Two studies examined the association with linkage to HIV care ( Ransome et al, 2016b , Ransome et al, 2017b ), and two studies with engagement and retention in HIV care ( Webel et al, 2013 , Ransome et al, 2016b ). Five studies examined social capital in relation to some aspect of antiretroviral therapy (ART), mostly with a focus on adherence ( Phillips, 2011 , Nokes et al, 2012 , Webel et al, 2012 , Phillips et al, 2013 , Webel et al, 2016 ). One study assessed the association with viral suppression ( Webel et al, 2012 ), and one study examined the association with mortality among persons living with HIV ( Ransome et al, 2017a ).…”

“…Next, Phillips (2011) used three of six subscales based on the Social Capital Integrated Questionnaire (SC-IQ) developed by Grootaert, Narayan, Jones, and Woolcock (2004) which originally included 27 items in the shortened version. Next, Nokes et al, 2012 , Webel et al, 2012 , Phillips et al, 2013 , Webel et al, 2013 , Webel et al, 2016 created an index, where each study used a different number of items from a Social Capital Instrument developed by Onyx and Bullen (2000) , which originally included 36 items in the shortened version. Next, two studies used multiple composite items that represented different dimensions within social capital.…”

Social Capital and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Southeast China

“…Supporting previous research, 6 we found that physical QoL was lower among older populations of PLWH, possibly because these individuals often have lower immune function and physical health problems. Research has also demonstrated that increasing age and having a college education influences perceived social capital 18 confirming the importance of focusing on such demographic subgroups when developing interventions aimed at improving physical QoL.…”