Social Reform, Militarism and Other Historical Influences on the Practice of Outdoor Education in Youth Work

Abstract

Loy n e s, C h ri s t o p h e r (2 0 0 7) S o ci al r efo r m , m ilit a ri s m a n d o t h e r hi s t o ric al influ e n c e s o n t h e p r a c tic e of o u t d o o r e d u c a tio n in yo u t h w o r k. In: B e c k er, P e t er, Br a u n , Ka rl-H ei nz a n d S c hi r p, Joc h e m , (e d s .) Ab e n t e u er, e rl e b ni s s e u n d di e p ä d a g o gik: k ul t u r k ri ti s c h e u n d m o d e r ni si e r u n g s t h e o r e ti s c h e blick e a uf di e e rl e b ni s p ä d a g o gik. BSJ-Ja h r b u c h. Bu d ri c h-Verl a g, Lev e r k u s e n , G e r m a ny, p p. 1 1 5-1 3 3. Do w nlo a d e d fro m: h t t p://i n si g h t. c u m b ri a. a c. u k/i d/ e p ri n t/ 7 8 0/ U s a g e o f a n y i t e m s f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C u m b r i a' s i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e p o s i t o r y 'I n s i g h t' m u s t c o n f o r m t o t h e f o l l o w i n g f a i r u s a g e g u i d e l i n e s .

Fulfilling Careers in the Sail Training Sector: Charting a Course for Professionals and Volunteers – it’s not About the Boat!

“…This shared many of the Corinthian masculinist, patriarchal and heroic emphases on overcoming challenge which reveals the often shared and mutually reinforcing nature of militaristic and elite cultures (Bender, 2017 ; Loynes, 2008 ). However, an alternative strand emerged from within the merchant profession during the Second World War oriented towards “the drown proofing of merchant sailors” (Loynes, 2008 , p. 85). This represented a new strand based on the ideas of Kurt Hahn aimed at developing “self-regulation, social competence, leadership, and social responsibility” (Ewert & Sibthorp, 2014 , p. 101) of ordinary people.…”

“…This represented a new strand based on the ideas of Kurt Hahn aimed at developing “self-regulation, social competence, leadership, and social responsibility” (Ewert & Sibthorp, 2014 , p. 101) of ordinary people. The Aberdovey Sea School became the testing ground for this new approach which eventually grew beyond the professional sphere and evolved into the Outward Bound Movement, arguably kick-starting the contemporary OAE field (Ewert & Sibthorp, 2014 ; Loynes, 2008 ). These various interweaving streams in the social history of sail training have generated the diverse field of today.…”

“…This is arguably the origins of the Tall Ships tradition with its emphasis on hierarchies, roles and procedures. This shared many of the Corinthian masculinist, patriarchal and heroic emphases on overcoming challenge which reveals the often shared and mutually reinforcing nature of militaristic and elite cultures (Bender, 2017;Loynes, 2008). However, an alternative strand emerged from within the merchant profession during the Second World War oriented towards "the drown proofing of merchant sailors" (Loynes, 2008, p. 85).…”

‘Salting’: preserving, seasoning, savouring, purifying and transforming through ‘marine adventuring’

“…Paraphrasing Loynes (2018), there is my 'adventure of the inward gaze' associated with personal growth throughphysical challenge in nature. Earlier formulations of Outdoor Education were significantly driven by such a vision (Loynes, 2008a). Psychological and learning theories of 'risk', 'challenge', and 'competencies' and the conditions necessary to achieve the optimal learning conditions of 'arousal' and 'flow' to avoid boredom on the one hand, and stress, anxiety and 'misadventure' on the other have been developed as key aspects of this orientation (A. W. Ewert & Sibthorp, 2014).…”

Finding New Ways: Developing a Co-Constructed Approach to Excursions in Higher Education

“…Perhaps the preoccupation with character building and personal development that still shapes much of U.K. outdoor educational practice, which arose from the perceived societal needs of the early 1900s, is not sufficiently preparing young people for the challenges of today or tomorrow. In addition, while Roberts (2012) proposes that the diverse streams of OEE practice can co-mingle, others suggest that those steeped in old forms of U.K. practice (Loynes, 2007), the experienced practitioners, are not best placed to transcend the norms of their profession (Hannon, Gillinson, & Shanks, 2013). This may be more readily attempted by those just starting out.…”