Social protection systems in vulnerable families: their importance for the public health

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness of the Chilean System of Childhood Welfare in transferring benefits to socially vulnerable families.METHODS A cross-sectional study with a sample of 132 families from the Metropolitan Region, Chile, stratified according to degree of social vulnerability, between September 2011 and January 2012. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers of the studied families in public health facilities or their households. The variables studied were family structure, psychosocial risk in the family context and integrated benefits from the welfare system in families that fulfill the necessary requirements for transfer of benefits. Descriptive statistics to measure location and dispersion were calculated. A binary logistic regression, which accounts for the sample size of the study, was carried out.RESULTS The groups were homogenous regarding family size, the presence of biological father in the household, the number of relatives living in the same dwelling, income generation capacity and the rate of dependency and psychosocial risk (p ≥ 0.05). The transfer of benefits was low in all three groups of the sample (≤ 23.0%). The benefit with the best coverage in the system was the Single Family Subsidy, whose transfer was associated with the size of the family, the presence of relatives in the dwelling, the absence of the father in the household, a high rate of dependency and a high income generation capacity (p ≤ 0.10).CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of benefit transfer was poor, especially in families that were extremely socially vulnerable. Further explanatory studies of benefit transfers to the vulnerable population, of differing intensity and duration, are required in order to reduce health disparities and inequalities.

Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study

“…It should be noted that two years before this survey, Argentina implemented the "Connecting Equality" policy 34 , a federal broad-scope program. This is important because the effectiveness of the digital divide reduction policies, especially among the most vulnerable groups, could present certain barriers to access 35 .…”

Comprensión de la gestión de la política pública de protección integral de la infancia en Chile

“…En este tipo de investigación las personas son el objeto de estudio, razón por la cual el investigador debe llevar a cabo un proceso de reducción fenomenológica y poner entre paréntesis el fenómeno con respecto al contexto donde ocurre (15). Esta elección se fundamenta en que la fenomenología permite entrar al mundo de las personas, identificar cómo viven, conocer las condiciones en las cuales trabajan, además de poder entregar una definición del sentido y del significado que dan a sus acciones, lo cual permite la comprensión y la interpretación de lo histórico-social y contextual de lo investigado (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

“…Lo anterior constituye un área problemática que es importante estudiar. A este respecto se señala que los resultados constituyen una mirada de alerta sobre la gestión del SChCC en poblaciones socialmente vulnerables (2,14). Sobre este punto se han planteado algunos supuestos que podrían entregar antecedentes importantes que analizar, entre otros, que las expectativas contenidas en la política pública fueron muy ambiciosas para una implementación de por sí compleja o, también, dificultades relacionadas con la gestión integrada de estrategias intersectoriales de los equipos de trabajo del nivel primario y de la red de actores sociales de las instituciones comunales (2,5).…”

Parentalidade em famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social

“…No nível contextual, Belsky (1984) enfatiza a função do apoio social, devido à sua forte correlação positiva com a parentalidade adequada, em suas três formas: o emocional, relacionado ao amor e à aceitação experienciados nas interações com outros; o instrumental, relacionado ao provimento de informação e de ajuda prática, nas tarefas cotidianas (como no cuidado infantil, por exemplo); e o apoio ligado à expectativa social com relação ao papel parental, pela oferta de modelo e de parâmetro quanto ao que se espera, enquanto desempenho do papel de cuidador (com oferte de orientação prática de cuidado adequado e/ou culturalmente mais aceitável). Ademais do apoio social, sabe-se que as variáveis que modulam os níveis de estresse familiar remetem a inúmeros elementos, que vão desde o estado civil dos pais/responsáveisem menção à mono ou à bi-parentalidade (Arcos et al, 2014;Schaan, Schulz, Schächinger & Vögele, 2019), até a força do vínculo familiar e a qualidade das relações na família (Richaud et al, 2013b). Já as fontes de estresse e suporte que podem promover ou enfraquecer a competência parental, de acordo com a literatura do abuso infantil, seriam: as relações conjugais/maritais, o trabalho dos pais/cuidadores e a rede social.…”