“…One factor that can influence the social media environment is the presence of online socialization and tutoring (Adewuyi, 2016;Al & Al-qudah, 2020;Klingelhoefer & Meier, 2023). Social presence involves the extent to which users feel connected to others online (Baber, 2021;Cobb, 2009;Isriyah et al, 2020;Lomicka & Lord, 2007;Lowenthal, 2011;Poth, 2018;Tu, 2002), while online tutoring encompasses the exchange of knowledge and support among individuals (Baumassepe et al, 2021;Isriyah, 2022;McKay, 2019;Sembiring, 2018). In this context, further exploration is needed on how online socialization and mentoring can affect the overall social media environment (Dudley et al, 2018;Vedel et al, 2020).…”