Social phobia: a comparative evaluation of cognitive and behavioral interventions

Emmelkamp, P.M.G.; Mersch, Peter Paul A.; Vissia, E.; Helm, M. van der

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90015-4

Cited by 119 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To my knowledge, the literature reports seven controlled clinical studies in which investigators directly compared cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) to exposure without explicit cognitive interventions (Butler et al, 1984;Emmelkamp, Mersch, Vissia, & van der Helm, 1985;Hope, Heimberg, & Bruch, 1995;Mattick & Peters, 1988;Mattick, Peters, & Clarke, 1989;Scholing & Emmelkamp, 1993a,b). In only two of the trials did the effects of CBT exceed those of exposure alone (Butler et al, 1984;Mattick & Peters, 1988).…”

Section: Mediators Of Change Negative Cognitive Appraisal (Estimated mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, reported that CBGT was far less effective than in previous controlled trials, possibly due to disruptions in group processes caused by frequent treatment drop-outs. Emmelkamp et al (1985) excluded any behavioral techniques from the cognitive interventions, and the study by Gelernter et al (1991) combined exposure with a pill placebo. 3 In summary, the literature suggests that both CBT and exposure are effective treatments for social phobia, and that there is no clear advantage of CBT over exposure alone.…”

Section: Mediators Of Change Negative Cognitive Appraisal (Estimated mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Social Phobia: Potential Mediators and Moderators

Hofmann

2000

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Although the efficacy of numerous psychosocial interventions for social phobia has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about the mediators and moderators of treatment change. Three potential mediators are discussed that are derived from prominent psychological theories: negative cognitive appraisal (estimated social costs), perceived self-efficacy (perceived social skills), and perceived emotional control. Furthermore, the generalized subtype of social phobia and the additional diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder are considered as potential treatment moderators.

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Section: Mediators Of Change Negative Cognitive Appraisal (Estimated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mediators Of Change Negative Cognitive Appraisal (Estimated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Social Phobia: Potential Mediators and Moderators

Hofmann

2000

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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“…After 2 sessions both the patient and the therapist filled out the Target Complaints List (TCL) devised by Battle et al [10], which evaluates change in indi vidual complaints (range: 0-10). Both instruments are well known for measuring outcome in short-term treatment [11][12][13]. The posttest for both SCL-90 and TCL was after 6 months, representative of an average treatment period.…”

Section: Procedures and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotherapeutic Outcome: Measuring Reliable Clinical Change

Dormaar

Ci²,

Mw³

1988

Psychother Psychosom

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Psychotherapeutic research is generally carried out to investigate the effectiveness of specific techniques with selected, often homogeneous samples of patients. This leads to problems when applying research findings to the clinical reality where the patient population is heterogeneous. In this study, we examine psychotherapy outcome in a natural treatment setting using criteria established by Jacobson and his colleagues for measuring improvement in psychotherapy, reliable change and clinical significance. Outcome was evaluated in a sample of 117 Dutch ambulatory mental health center patients with the SCL-90 Symptom Checklist and the Target Complaints List. On both instruments improvement rates varied greatly and were only moderately correlated. Our findings suggest that a more limited application of the Jacobson criteria derived from selected samples is warranted when applied in a general patient population.

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“…The efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been demonstrated in studies using waiting lists or other therapies as control [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. CBT in group was found to be superior to pill-placebo and educational group therapy, but slightly inferior to phenelzine on some measures [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Behavior Therapy versus Supportive Therapy in Social Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cottraux

Note²,

Albuisson³

et al. 2000

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: The efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in social phobia has been demonstrated in several controlled trials and meta-analyses, but no comparison of CBT with supportive therapy (ST) can be found in the literature. Method: The aim of the trial was to study the effectiveness of CBT versus ST carried out ‘as usual’. Sixty-seven DSM-4 social phobic patients (89% generalized subtype, most with avoidant personality) were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 (CBT) received 8 1-hour sessions of individual cognitive therapy (CT) for 6 weeks, followed by 6 2-hour sessions of social skills training (SST) in group weekly. Group 2 received ST for 12 weeks (6 half-hour sessions), then the patients were switched to CBT. All patients agreed not to take any medication during the whole trial. In group 1, 29 patients reached week 6, 27 reached week 12, and 24 weeks 36 and 60 (endpoint). In group 2, 29 patients reached week 6, 28 reached weeks 12 and 18, 26 week 24, and 23 reached weeks 48 and 72 (endpoint). Results: At week 6, after CT, group 1 was better than group 2 on the main social phobia measure. At week 12, after SST, group 1 was better than group 2 on most of the measures and demonstrated a significantly higher rate of responders. This finding was replicated after switching group 2 to CBT. Sustained improvement was observed in both groups at follow-up. Compliance with abstinence from medication increased over time. Conclusions: CBT was more effective than ST and demonstrated long-lasting effects. This may suggest that social phobia management requires more than a simple and inexpensive psychological intervention.

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Social phobia: a comparative evaluation of cognitive and behavioral interventions

Cited by 119 publications

References 27 publications

Treatment of Social Phobia: Potential Mediators and Moderators

Treatment of Social Phobia: Potential Mediators and Moderators

Psychotherapeutic Outcome: Measuring Reliable Clinical Change

Cognitive Behavior Therapy versus Supportive Therapy in Social Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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