Social Pharmacy Courses Are Often Neglected in the Developing World

Abrika, Omar Saad Saleh; Hassali, Mohamed Azmi; Abduelkarem, Abduelmula R.

doi:10.5688/ajpe75465b

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nonetheless, there is not yet a Cuban standard on pharmaceutical care education, with this training being a free choice according to the school of pharmacy and geographical health necessities [79]. Moreover, the challenge for the profession to advance, design, and implement curricula remains to produce pharmacists capable of providing newer novel services to better manage complex pharmacotherapy [80]. In addition, pharmacy curricula have incorporated these topics to provide students with more opportunities to engage with their populations [78].…”

Section: Cuban Pharmacy Education Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

Sánchez

Salmon

2022

Education Research International

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Cultural competence is crucial for improved health outcomes in populations. In addition to knowledge and skills, cultural competence involves a confident attitude that underlines regard across all cultures. The importance of cultural competence training has been considered in several pharmacy education statements as part of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process. Nevertheless, there is a significant discrepancy in the implementation of cultural competence in a curriculum. There is no consensus on how this could be implemented from a view of logical and pedagogical coherence. Consequently, a cultural and interdisciplinary approach should be considered in the curriculum design process respecting the laws and pedagogical principles that guide the process of training professionals at the universities and pharmacy schools. The main purpose of the study is to describe a cultural background to implement cultural competence education in the Cuban pharmacy curriculum. The data for this study was collected through an overall literature review. Using terms specific to Cuban health care, culture, and education, combined with terms linked to cultural competence, global health, and pharmacy education. Relevant statements by the Pan American Health (PAHO) and World Health Organizations (WHO) were extracted. Electronic sites for the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, and Pharmacy Education were reviewed. Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO Host, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Knowledge databases were examined. The outcomes of this study reveal that Cuba is a culturally rich country with complex and diverse perspectives on health. Cuban culture is the result of extremely broad and tedious transculturation processes; therefore, it is not possible to exhaust the subject in a single inquiry. Health and education in Cuba are politically entwined; statistical data, arguments, and related information are not always available to be studied or compared. This study identifies the need for a sincere effort toward global pharmacy education’s purpose; respect for religious values, traditional beliefs, historic and political factors were also taken into consideration to design a framework for cultural competence with Cuban pharmacy curricula. The repercussions of the current study will be valuable to developing curricular improvement processes aimed at implementing cultural competency in pharmacy education taking into consideration an essentially cultural perspective. Furthermore, this study offers a background to simplify culturally sensitive exchanges among practitioners, undergraduates, stakeholders, and other faculties of pharmacy members from Cuba and other nations when they involve health care and pharmacy practice or education.

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Section: Cuban Pharmacy Education Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Cultural Competence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum: Glances from the Cuban Framework

Sánchez

Salmon

2022

Education Research International

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Notwithstanding, we propose a 6-step "TARGET" approach to overcome the deficiencies of pharmacy education in developing countries. The 6 steps are:…”

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confidence: 99%

A Need to Rethink and Mold Consensus Regarding Pharmacy Education in Developing Countries

Ahmadi

Yong

2013

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Health systems struggle to keep up with overwhelming new health challenges.1 Beside financial constraints, public expectations and technological advancement of health service, the other biggest challenge faced by healthcare systems in both the developed and developing world is the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In the developing world in particular, health systems have responded to these challenges by placing additional demands on health workers 1 and by admonishing health care providers for not being appropriately educated. It is unacceptable to blindly blame health professionals while ignoring the shortcomings of the health education system. 2 Likewise, pharmacy education in developing countries is also facing challenges such as:d Isolation of pharmacy education from the practice of pharmacy.

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“…11 Developed countries have been the leaders in competency-based pharmacy curricula, which have been a product of these tertiary health care environments.…”

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confidence: 99%