Social neuroendocrinology of human aggression: Examining the role of competition-induced testosterone dynamics

Carré, Justin M.; Olmstead, Nathan A.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.029

Cited by 226 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…For instance, Welling et al (2013) found that following a video game contest in which the outcome was unknowingly predetermined, winners (but not losers) showed significantly greater facial femininity preferences in the short-term versus the long-term contexts. As previously mentioned, there is evidence that winners of competitions experience a rise in T relative to losers (Archer, 2006;Carré & Olmstead, 2015). Although not directly tested, if the findings in Welling et al (2013) were mediated by competition-induced T dynamics, then the present finding that feminine face preference was significantly higher in the short-versus the long-term context when participants were on T (but not placebo) aligns with their findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Research in animal models indicates that T can exert rapid, likely non-genomic effects on brain function and behaviour (reviewed in Foradori, Weiser, & Handa, 2008), and therefore, the presence of face preference effects in humans earlier than 2 hours post administration is a possibility for investigation. Correlational evidence indicates that rapid changes in endogenous testosterone following a competitive interaction (measured approximately 15 minutes post task) map onto future behaviour such as aggression and risk-taking (reviewed in Carré & Olmstead, 2015) and recent T administration protocols show effects of Androgel® on aggression within 60 minutes of administration (Carré et al, under review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because T-levels typically rise in winners relative to losers (e.g., Archer, 2006;Carré & Olmstead, 2015), stronger preferences in winners may have been mediated by changes in their T-levels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

Bird

Welling

Ortiz

et al. 2016

Hormones and Behavior

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Correlational research suggests that men show greater attraction to feminine female faces when their testosterone (T) levels are high. Men's preferences for feminine faces also seem to vary as a function of relationship context (short versus long-term).However, the relationship between T and preferences for female facial femininity has yet to be tested experimentally. This thesis examined the causal role of T in modulating preferences for facial femininity across both short and long-term mating contexts, using two separate experiments. Results of Experiment 1 (within-subject design, n = 24)showed that participants significantly preferred feminized versus masculinized versions of women's faces. Further, participants showed a stronger preference for feminine female faces in the short-versus the long-term context after they received T, but not after they received placebo. Post-hoc analyses suggest that this effect was driven by a lower preference for feminine faces in the long-term context when on T relative to placebo.Results from Experiment 2 (between-subject design, n = 93) were highly consistent with those of Experiment 1: men demonstrated a significant preference for feminized female faces in the short-versus the long-term context after T, but not after placebo administration, and this effect was driven by lower preferences for feminine faces in the long-term context when on T relative to placebo. Collectively, these findings provide the first causal evidence that T modulates men's preferences for facial femininity as a function of mating context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

Bird

Welling

Ortiz

et al. 2016

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Although there are multiple strategies to achieving and maintaining social status, T is perhaps best known for its relationship with aggressive forms of status-seeking (behavior directed towards another with the intent to cause harm; for reviews, see Archer 2006;Book et al 2001;Carré and Olmstead 2015). However, high levels of T are also associated with high implicit power/dominance motivation and social status in men and (sometimes) in women in the absence of overt aggression (for review, Eisenegger et al 2011;Stanton and Schultheiss 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone and Reconciliation Among Women: After-Competition Testosterone Predicts Prosocial Attitudes Towards Opponents

Casto

Edwards

2015

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Higher levels of testosterone (T) are thought to promote aggressive and/or antisocial behavior as a means of achieving or maintaining social status. However, recent research has begun to explore the association between T and more prosocial behaviors relevant to social status. Reconciliation after conflict is a prosocial behavior that has become ritualized in sporting contexts. T and cortisol (C) increase in association with athletic competition, but the relationship between these hormones and the willingness to reconcile with one's opponent after athletic competition has never been tested. Members of a women's soccer team gave saliva samples associated with two intercollegiate competitions, one victory and one defeat. Samples were subsequently assayed for T and C. Before giving the final saliva sample after each match, participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure willingness to reconcile with a recent opponent -the Attitudes Towards Opponents (ATO) questionnaire. T and C levels increased during competition, but decreased in the 30-min period after the end of play. ATO scores were higher, on average, after the win compared to the loss. ATO scores showed a strong positive correlation with after-game changes in T level in both matches. Win or lose, women whose T remained relatively high after the end of the match were more willing to reconcile with their opponent than women whose T levels declined more precipitously. There were no relationships between C and ATO scores. At least in women, T may motivate aftercompetition behaviors that promote status through social cohesion rather than overt aggression or dominance.

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“…However, with respect to laboratory research, studies with men greatly outnumber studies with women (Casto and Edwards, 2016;Carré and Olmstead, 2015). That imbalance is reflected in the research articles appearing in this collection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the special issue on human competition

Edwards

Casto

Mehta

2017

Hormones and Behavior

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Social neuroendocrinology of human aggression: Examining the role of competition-induced testosterone dynamics

Cited by 226 publications

References 172 publications

Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

Testosterone and Reconciliation Among Women: After-Competition Testosterone Predicts Prosocial Attitudes Towards Opponents

Introduction to the special issue on human competition

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