Social Network and Stroke Risk

Hankey, Graeme J.

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.006798

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The totality of published evidence suggests that social relationships reduce stroke risk. 26 Some previous studies suggested that associations between social relationships and mortality emerged only among those aged ≥75 years. 27,28 Our present study is generally consistent with these previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Higher-Level Functional Capacity as a Predictor of Stroke in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Murakami

Tsubota‐Utsugi

Satoh

et al. 2016

Stroke

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S troke continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. As with other developed countries, it is the leading cause of death and a major neurological cause of long-term disability in Japan.1 Therefore, stroke prevention is a public health priority.Limitations in functional capacity after stroke are prevalent 2 because strokes often affect the memory and physical capabilities required to perform activities of daily living. A small but growing number of studies have challenged the conventional view that disability emerges after acute onset conditions, including stroke; that is, what is often thought of as stroke-related disability actually precedes stroke incidence.3-5 These studies measured disability by assessing basic activities of daily living (BADL), such as feeding, bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, and continence 3,4 or cognitive function. 5Background and Purpose-Functional capacity is a predictor, as well as a consequence, of stroke. However, little research has been done to examine whether higher-level functional capacity above basic activities of daily living is a predictor of stroke. Methods-We followed 1493 Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years (mean age, 70.1 years) who were independent in basic activities of daily living and had no history of stroke. Baseline data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. Higher-level functional capacity was measured using the total score and 3 subscales (instrumental activities of daily living, intellectual activity, and social role) derived from the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results-During a mean follow-up of 10.4 years, 191 participants developed a first stroke. Impaired higher-level functional capacity based on total score of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence was significantly associated with stroke (hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.33). Among the 3 subscales, only intellectual activity was significantly associated with stroke (hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.22). Social role was significantly associated with stroke only among those aged ≥75 years (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.98). Conclusions-Impaired higher-level functional capacity, especially in the domain of intellectual activity, was a predictor of stroke, even among community-dwelling older adults with independent basic activities of daily living at baseline. Lawton defined and systematized 7 stages of competence (ie, functional capacity) from the lowest and most basic function to the highest. 6 The stages were, in ascending order of complexity, life maintenance, functional health, perception and cognition, physical self-maintenance (corresponding to BADL), instrumental self-maintenance (instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]), effectance, and social role.6 Of these stages, the complex capacity to cover the last 3 stag...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Higher-Level Functional Capacity as a Predictor of Stroke in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Murakami

Tsubota‐Utsugi

Satoh

et al. 2016

Stroke

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“…Social network size has also been proven to act as a modifier of association between pathology and cognitive function [ 31 ]. For dementia-related neuropathology in the form of greater cerebrovascular disease burden, participants within a smaller social network (and thus greater social isolation) have been shown to be at higher risk of ischemic stroke [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Public Health Impact of Social Distancing on Brain Health: Topical Review

Kumar

Salinas

2021

IJERPH

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Social distancing has been a critical public health measure for the COVID-19 pandemic, yet a long history of research strongly suggests that loneliness and social isolation play a major role in several cognitive health issues. What is the true severity and extent of risks involved and what are potential approaches to balance these competing risks? This review aimed to summarize the neurological context of social isolation and loneliness in population health and the long-term effects of social distancing as it relates to neurocognitive aging, health, and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The full scope of the underlying causal mechanisms of social isolation and loneliness in humans remains unclear partly because its study is not amenable to randomized controlled trials; however, there are many detailed experimental and observational studies that may provide a hypothesis-generating theoretical framework to better understand the pathophysiology and underlying neurobiology. To address these challenges and inform future studies, we conducted a topical review of extant literature investigating associations of social isolation and loneliness with relevant biological, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes, and provide recommendations on how to approach the need to fill key knowledge gaps in this important area of research.

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Social Network and Stroke Risk

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Impaired Higher-Level Functional Capacity as a Predictor of Stroke in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Impaired Higher-Level Functional Capacity as a Predictor of Stroke in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

The Long-Term Public Health Impact of Social Distancing on Brain Health: Topical Review

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