Social Network Analysis and Gangs

Sierra‐Arévalo, Michael; Papachristos, Andrew V.

doi:10.1002/9781118726822.ch9

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Although the underlying logic of the focused deterrence strategy is relatively stable between sites, the implementation of the strategy is necessarily adapted to the unique constellation of street groups in each city. Knowing that the structure of street groups is not consistent across cities (McGloin, 2005; Sierra-Arevalo & Papachristos, 2015b), we echo calls by other scholars (Braga & Weisburd, 2015) and suggest that the success of Project Longevity in New Haven, Connecticut, should spur the adoption of focused deterrence into the public safety repertoires of other cities, but also a deeper exploration of the underlying mechanisms and group processes that generate the “spillover effects” of focused deterrence strategies (Braga et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Evaluating the Effect of Project Longevity on Group-Involved Shootings and Homicides in New Haven, Connecticut

Sierra‐Arévalo

Charette

Papachristos

2016

Crime & Delinquency

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Beginning in November 2012, New Haven, Connecticut, served as the pilot site for Project Longevity, a statewide focused deterrence gun violence reduction strategy. The intervention brings law enforcement, social services, and community members together to meet with members of violent street groups at program call-ins. Using autoregressive integrated moving average models and controlling for the possibility of a non-New Haven-specific decline in gun violence, a decrease in group offending patterns, and the limitations of police-defined group member involved (GMI) categorization of shootings and homicides, the results of our analysis show that Longevity is associated with a reduction of almost five GMI incidents per month. These findings bolster research confirming the efficacy of focused deterrence approaches to reducing gun violence.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Evaluating the Effect of Project Longevity on Group-Involved Shootings and Homicides in New Haven, Connecticut

Sierra‐Arévalo

Charette

Papachristos

2016

Crime & Delinquency

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“…No doubt this variant of person-society integration can be empowering to some individuals and can point toward useful societal changes. Yet the antifa movement has become increasingly tinged with violent digital activism (Alizadeh, Weber, Cioffi-Revilla, Fortunato, & Macy, 2019), contributing to social conflicts and negative personal consequences (Pyrooz, LaFree, Decker, & James, 2018;Sierra-Arevalo & Papachristos, 2015). The response to such conflicts by the gatekeepers of digital media has often been censorship and the restriction of freedom of speech.…”

Section: Relevance Of Digital Contexts For Cultural Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Screen Time: Identity Development in the Digital Age

Granic

Morita

Scholten

2020

Psychological Inquiry

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We are in the midst of a global transition in which digital "screens" are no longer simply entertainment devices and distractions; rather, adolescents are currently living in a hybrid reality that links digital spaces to offline contexts. Yet, psychological scientists studying the mental health impact of digital experiences largely focus on correlations with "screen time," leading to oversimplified and atheoretical conclusions. We propose an alternative, functional approach to studying adolescent mental health in the digital age, one that examines why and how digital media affect adolescent development. Specifically, we suggest that understanding identity development-the core developmental task of adolescence-can help pinpoint the digital experiences that contribute to healthy versus problematic mental health outcomes. We have four objectives: (1) integrate principles from clinical and personality psychology with developmental theory to present a theoretical framework for investigating narrative identity; (2) show how this framework provides a useful lens for evaluating the impact of digital media on adolescents; (3) suggest a set of novel hypotheses that specify what kinds of digital contexts and experiences lead to healthy versus problematic mental health outcomes; and (4) propose a detailed research agenda that tests these hypotheses.

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“…Despite this recent renaissance, much of the empirical literature on criminal groups is still characterized by the study of its individual members (see Maxson, , p. 411; Pyrooz & Mitchell, ). The approach here follows calls by Sierra‐Arevalo and Papachristos () to employ network analysis to return studies to the group level. Our main contribution is to move beyond individual‐level accounts of criminal groups, providing a longitudinal study of the processes influencing group dynamics.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

One gang dies, another gains? The network dynamics of criminal group persistence*

2018

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What leads a minority of criminal groups to persist over time? Although most criminal groups are characterized by short life spans, a subset manages to survive extended periods. Contemporary research on criminal groups has been primarily descriptive and static, leaving important questions on the correlates of group persistence unanswered. By drawing from competing perspectives on the relationship between cohesion and group persistence, we apply a longitudinal approach to examine the network dynamics influencing the life span of criminal groups. We use 9 years of official data on the criminal and social networks of gang associates in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to delineate criminal group boundaries and examine variation in group duration. Our statistical approach simultaneously considers within‐ and between‐group attributes to isolate how groups’ cohesion, as well as their embeddedness in the wider gang structure, impacts survival. Our results show that group survival is a function of their cohesion and embeddedness. Yet, the relationship is not direct but moderated by group size. Whereas large groups that adopt closed structures are more likely to persist, small groups’ survival depends on less cohesive and more versatile structures. In the discussion, we consider the impact of these findings for the continued understanding of group trajectories.

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Social Network Analysis and Gangs

Cited by 19 publications

References 71 publications

Evaluating the Effect of Project Longevity on Group-Involved Shootings and Homicides in New Haven, Connecticut

Evaluating the Effect of Project Longevity on Group-Involved Shootings and Homicides in New Haven, Connecticut

Beyond Screen Time: Identity Development in the Digital Age

One gang dies, another gains? The network dynamics of criminal group persistence*

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