Social Mix: International Policy Approaches

Kintrea, Keith

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6695-2_7

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Reference [58]) and Social Capital (cf. References [3,4,45]): The regular use of activities in an area allows the development of relationships with local inhabitants and specific places [48], establishing a basis for a sense of local community. The reverse also holds, and residents experiencing a place as positive are more likely to use everyday activities located there, instead of traveling farther away [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased proximity is believed to enhance individuals' quality of life, boost neighborhoods, and promote environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The concept is central to discourse on how to reduce energy-consuming and polluting travel [1,2], foster local social ties, trust, and capital [3,4], and promote economic activity and innovation [5,6]. Ideas of nearness lie at the heart of visions to revitalize and make cities vibrant and attractive via greater densification, land-use mixing and filling, and the co-location of various activities and facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negotiating Proximity in Sustainable Urban Planning: A Swedish Case

Solá

Vilhelmson

2018

Sustainability

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In striving for sustainability, urban policy and planning increasingly emphasize proximity ideals in order to go beyond established mobility- and speed-oriented accessibility strategies. Yet proximity is a fluid concept with many contextualized meanings, cutting across most sectors of urban planning. When proximity is realized in actual planning, clarity and communicability are therefore required. Here we explored how urban planners in different fields of expertise understand and apply the proximity concept. Furthermore, we tested a collaborative tool enabling transparent discussion and fostering a joint basis for further application. Qualitative data were collected via six semi-structured, focus-group workshops with 35 planners of various competencies working in three western Swedish municipalities. The results indicated that planning goals of proximity were negotiated according to three understandings: One derived from the established understanding of transportation and land-use integration, relying on planners’ expert views; a second emphasizing the local community understanding, highlighting the social context of neighborhoods; and a third comprising the personal environment understanding of the individual’s closest physical space at a detailed scale level. Collaborative exercises resulted in the development of a communicative tool for negotiating perceived understandings of proximity, as well as planning goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negotiating Proximity in Sustainable Urban Planning: A Swedish Case

Solá

Vilhelmson

2018

Sustainability

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“…Thus, while the original mixed interventions were visionary attempts of town planning, they eventually became targets for neighbourhood desegregation, with social mix again proposed as a means of tackling clusters of concentrated ‘social ills’ within post-war social housing developments (Brophy and Smith, 1997; Gans, 1961). This approach was adopted to improve both suburban areas – as in the case of most post-war social housing estates – and inner-city neighbourhoods, that also came to be seen as homogenous and dangerous examples of marginalised and ‘parallel societies […] cut off from the norms and values of “mainstream” society’ (Kintrea, 2013: 136). Simultaneously, the socio-spatial exclusion of low-income groups was associated with the perceived or effective concentration of minority ethnic and religious communities, whose presence was regarded as equally detrimental to integration, civic participation and city-wide social order.…”

Section: The Origins and Development Of The Social MIX Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diversification through area-based regeneration has been progressed in France, for instance, with the implementation of programmes to tackle identified Zones Urbaines Sensibles (urban vulnerable zones) (Briata et al, 2009); and in the Netherlands, where demolition practices have played a dominant role in the social mix agenda, especially following the Urban Renewal Act in 2000 (Costarelli et al, 2019). In these countries, as well as Germany and the UK, interventions have often focused on housing choice as an important factor for resolving segregation (Kintrea, 2013). Practices of ‘remaking’ social housing by changing the social composition of residents – in terms of income or socio-ethnic background – through the revision of allocation criteria and the selling of housing stock have been employed (van Ham and Manley, 2009).…”

Section: The Origins and Development Of The Social MIX Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature on social mix has highlighted the limitations of this approach, from its failure to improve social cohesion among neighbourhood residents (Hyra, 2015; Jackson and Butler, 2015; Lipman, 2012) to the risk of promoting gentrifying processes and displacement (Colomb, 2007; Kintrea, 2013; Slater, 2006). Despite this, we have seen renewed interest in increasing the diversity of populations in urban neighbourhoods in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking urban utopianism: The fallacy of social mix in the 15-minute city

Casarin,

MacLeavy,

Manley

2023

Urban Studies

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The concept of urban living is evolving, and there is a growing interest in creating smaller, more connected, and hyperlocal neighbourhoods, where everything people need is within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. This paper challenges the concept of the ‘15-minute city’ as a panacea for urban ills, by exploring the history of utopian urban planning and regeneration aimed at creating sustainable, inclusive and vibrant communities by desegregating disadvantaged groups. Specifically, we examine social mixing policies, which are recurring top-down interventions that pathologise concentrated urban disadvantage. We trace the evolution of these policies in Europe from the Garden City movement to post-war social housing redevelopment to the current 15-minute city, which we consider to be social mix by stealth. While such policies can reduce the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the short term, they tend to be ineffective in the long term, as deprived neighbourhoods often remain so despite attempts to make them more diverse. The paper argues that the 15-minute city would be implemented through de facto social mix actions at the neighbourhood level, which are insufficient to address the deeper structural issues that perpetuate spatial inequality and deprivation. We propose that longitudinal and comparative analyses, combined with ‘right to the city’ perspectives, should be considered in future research and policymaking to understand – and more importantly address – why urban renewal initiatives that aim for equitable outcomes at the neighbourhood scale ultimately fail to deliver.

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Social Mix

Ruiz‐Tagle¹

2019

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies

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“Social mix” generally denotes the social diversity of a given geographic area, which could be economically, racially, ethnically, and/or culturally based. It is a long‐standing planning ideal, has been achieved through different means, has been proposed for a wide variety of goals, and has been used interchangeably to refer to concepts like “integration,” “mixed‐income communities,” “poverty deconcentration,” “balanced communities,” and so on. There has been abundant literature from the 1990s, to the extent that social mix is currently one of the most studied subjects in the field, with at least five special issues of prominent academic journals dedicated to the topic. Although the evidence on the effects of social mix is somewhat mixed, the problems of its conceptual foundations and the amount and variety of issues created when implemented have led the large majority of academia to oppose this idea.

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Social Mix: International Policy Approaches

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Negotiating Proximity in Sustainable Urban Planning: A Swedish Case

Negotiating Proximity in Sustainable Urban Planning: A Swedish Case

Rethinking urban utopianism: The fallacy of social mix in the 15-minute city

Social Mix

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