With the rapid progress of information technology, the integration of electronic resources and digital literacy into English learning is becoming increasingly prevalent. Electronic resources comprise electronic textbooks, online courses, and web-based learning platforms, among other mediums, while digital literacy pertains to individuals' aptitude in effectively employing digital technology for information acquisition, processing, and creation. Guided by the theory of foreign language autonomous learning, this article employs diverse statistical analysis and qualitative research methods to investigate and analyze the utilization of electronic resources and digital literacy among second-year non-English major students in a specific college. The findings reveal that autonomous English learners experienced a substantial increase of up to 190 weekly vocabulary additions, underscoring the potential influence of electronic resource usage on students' autonomous learning capacity. Furthermore, distinct patterns of electronic resource utilization demonstrate varying impacts on students' autonomous learning proficiency. Moreover, students' digital literacy exhibits differential effects on their autonomous learning capabilities across different dimensions.