Social Media Sites in Destination Image Formation

Ghazali, Raslinda Mohd; Cai, Liping A.

doi:10.1108/s1571-5043(2013)0000018007

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Applying the Tasci and Gartner (2007) conceptualization, our analysis showed the prevalence of third parties and demand-side actors in the Forum, whose images are mostly semi-controllable or uncontrollable by DMOs. We also corroborated the thesis of Ghazali and Cai (2014) about the presence of cognitive, affective and conative image components in this social media platform. Finally, we confirmed the assumptions of Llodrà-Riera et al (2015) related to the prevalence of organic images.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Another important contribution was related to the degree of control of these images: for the authors, supply-side sources were controllable, independent-side sources were semi-controllable and demand-side uncontrollable. For Ghazali and Cai (2014), almost everyone is able to generate images in social media, compared to past practices, when information about destination products reached customers through marketers. Their model posited that these platforms connect suppliers, consumers, and third parties, and at the same time influence the formation of the three image components through the interaction among them.…”

Section: Introduction and Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

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Barcelona seen through the eyes of TripAdvisor: actors, typologies and components of destination image in social media platforms

Tamajón

Valiente

2015

Current Issues in Tourism

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Recent literature has emphasized the emerging role of social media in generating a destination image. Even so, there is still no clear definition of the main actors, typologies and components prevailing in these environments or the possible differences between diverse social platforms. Specific analysis and comparison of the Barcelona TripAdvisor Forum and a traditional Destination Management Organization (DMO) website showed that actors, typologies and components are platform specific and have both similarities and differences with other sources, including DMO websites and other social media platforms. Introduction and literatureResearch on the processes of constructing a destination image began with Gunn's (1972) formulation of the 'dimorphic theory', indicating that the image of a destination is formed through a process where two types of actors generate two image typologies: tourists have their own impression (organic image) and are exposed to information from other sources as Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) promotions, media interpretations and 'word of mouth' (induced image). Based on this theory, Gartner (1993) identified different actors generating eight sub-typologies through different sources: overt induced I (institutions, through traditional forms of advertising), overt induced II (travel intermediaries, through requested information), covert induced I (celebrity spokespersons, through recommendations), covert induced II (specialists, through reports, stories or articles), autonomous (various actors, through independent information such as news and movies), unsolicited organic (friends, through unsought information), solicited organic (friends, through word of mouth) and organic (personal travel experience). Moreover, Gartner believed that these sources have an impact on two different but hierarchically interrelated image components: cognitive, concerning the understanding and evaluation of a known product, and affective, involving motives and feelings that an individual has for selecting a destination. The third potential 'action' component is conative, driving the ways that a person acts on those thoughts and feelings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introduction and Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Barcelona seen through the eyes of TripAdvisor: actors, typologies and components of destination image in social media platforms

Tamajón

Valiente

2015

Current Issues in Tourism

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“…In addition, diverse authors (Ghazali and Cai, 2014;Yoo et al, 2011) have been interested in the stakeholder structure of these virtual communities, highlighting its importance in terms of providing organic information sources where 'travel opinion leaders' play a key role in transmitting information to other travellers. Regarding this, Habibi et al (2014) have characterized social media-based brand community members who share experiences online as 'gurus', admirers or marketers, and have gone a step further by identifying five dimensions that characterize such VBCs and finding a proliferation of sub-brand communities.…”

Section: From Generic To Vbc Engagement Conceptualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing and relating user engagement in festivals’ virtual brand communities: An analysis of Sónar’s Twitter and Facebook

Tamajón¹,

Morales

2019

Tourist Studies

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Festival branding is undergoing a revolution based on the consolidation of new communicative behaviours in virtual brand communities (VBCs), above all, channelled through social media platforms. Although the literature on festivals has analysed engagement in VBCs, this study provides an in-depth observation of the profiles of festival VBCs users, how they modulate engagement attributes and behaviours and how these relate to their engagement focus, highlighting festival branding while also considering other main focuses (i.e. social capital creation and place-making). Thus, this article aims to characterize these elements in festivals’ VBCs through a multidimensional analysis of nearly 2150 entries in the Twitter and Facebook VBCs of one of the most prominent music festivals in Europe, Sónar (Barcelona). Moreover, it does so through a longitudinal observation covering a whole year, showing the relevance of ongoing communication to festival success. The results show the benefits (for organizers as well as other users) of understanding these elements and their mutual relationships.

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“…Therefore, the fact that the way tourist destinations are presented in geographic textbooks and its impact on the image of these destinations has not been the subject of in-depth scientific research so far, is surprising. As the researchers analyzed autonomous sources of information, they were focused mainly on the analysis of media reports (Rodríguez Campo et al 2011;Wang et al 2015;Kim et al 2017) television series (Fu et al 2016) and the social media (especially the Trip Advisor portal) (Ghazali and Cai 2014;Kladou and Mavragani 2015;Sun et al 2015;Tamajón and Valiente 2017). It should be emphasized that analyses of the content of geographic textbooks is also restricted by a number of important factors.…”

Section: Geographical Education In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Geographical Textbooks in Grounding Negative Stereotypes of a Tourism Destination—The Case of Upper Silesian Conurbation in Poland

Szubert

Żemła

2019

Administrative Sciences

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Tourists’ decisions on selecting their destinations are driven by their imagination of available offers, rather than by the real offers. The special role of the image of tourism destination in the process of building a competitive position result, among other things, comes from the fact the image is a factor of competitiveness influenced by both intentional and accidental actions of entities, whom are active in a particular tourism destination as well as environmental elements, which are beyond the influence of these entities. The cities of the Upper Silesian Conurbation were for many years perceived as completely dominated by heavy industry. Nowadays, after significant changes in their economy and environment, local authorities are struggling to fight that negative perception. The aim of the paper is to examine if the negative image of the Conurbation is grounded by the textbooks for geography for secondary schools in Poland. The textbooks were studied using the content analysis as an example of important autonomous sources of information. Particular stress was put on analysis of the heading and pictures in the chapters on the Conurbation. The results prove that industrial image of the region is being grounded by the geography textbooks. It was discovered that the picture of Upper Silesian Conurbation that might be found in researched textbooks is almost identical with what was previously presented in the literature as tourists’ perception of the Conurbation. The results prove the role of the textbooks and the whole school education as factors shaping the image of particular places that people have also as adults. That role was neither researched nor clearly stated in the literature so far.

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Social Media Sites in Destination Image Formation

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Barcelona seen through the eyes of TripAdvisor: actors, typologies and components of destination image in social media platforms

Barcelona seen through the eyes of TripAdvisor: actors, typologies and components of destination image in social media platforms

Decomposing and relating user engagement in festivals’ virtual brand communities: An analysis of Sónar’s Twitter and Facebook

The Role of the Geographical Textbooks in Grounding Negative Stereotypes of a Tourism Destination—The Case of Upper Silesian Conurbation in Poland

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