Social marketing of pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge (<i>Clear Seven</i>) in Uganda

Jacobs, Bart; Kambugu, Fred; Whitworth, James; Ochwo, M; Pool, Robert; Lwanga, Anita; Tifft, Sara; Lule, John; Cutler, J

doi:10.1258/095646203762869250

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Social marketing programs have been effectively implemented for selling prepackaged treatment kits for men with urethral discharge through an over-the-counter program in private pharmacies, clinics, and drug shops in Uganda (Jacobs et al, 2003); improving adolescent health in Cameroon (Van Rossem & Meekers, 2000); and promoting condom use in nonregular sexual partnerships in Mozambique (Agha, Karlyn, & Meekers, 2001). In the above interventions it was found that this approach not only contributed effectively to treatment compliance and increased self-efficacy for condom use, but also proved to be a costeffective method for increasing contraceptive prevalence.…”

Section: Marriage and Family Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Safe Motherhood: Strategic Messaging in a Globalized World

Vijaykumar

2008

Marriage & Family Review

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The practice of education as a tool of persuasive communication has been used in family planning and reproductive health for at least 50 years. However, the past three decades have seen a phenomenal evolution of communication as a social science; as a result there has been an increasingly systematic research-based application of mass media-particularly television, radio, newspapers, and internetfor enhancing the impact of health messaging. In this article I examine the theoretical underpinnings of behavior change communication in the context of the aforementioned mediating factors that influence the design and content of family planning and reproductive health programs. I look at three main types of behavior change communication strategies, entertainment education, social marketing, and advocacy, and describe how these three strategies have been applied to effect social change using a case study to describe and assist in reviewing the impact they have had on targeted behaviors. The descriptions of different programs and their impact have been taken from detailed reports procured from either organizational personnel who conducted those programs or from organizational websites. This chapter culminates with a discussion of key technical, administrative, and political Santosh Vijaykumar is a doctoral student at challenges that affect the creation and implementation of such international collaborative programs, with insights from field experts.

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Section: Marriage and Family Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Safe Motherhood: Strategic Messaging in a Globalized World

Vijaykumar

2008

Marriage & Family Review

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“…Otherwise the focus is on bacterial STIs. Some countries will focus on specific common diseases, such as the Ugandan 'Clear Seven' kit for men with urethral discharge, which includes a combination of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, condoms, partner referral cards and instructional leaflets on the use of these items [36]. With this program there was significantly increased compliance, self-reported cure rate and condom use.…”

Section: Syndromic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV control efforts

Meffert

2006

Expert Review of Dermatology

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Dermatology has had a long and close relationship with sexually transmitted infections with the majority having dermatological manifestations. This article reviews the epidemiology of common and significant sexually transmitted infections and is then followed by a weighing up of the many pros and cons of syndromic disease therapy, widely used in developing countries. Sexually transmitted infection control and sex education efforts, in both the USA and worldwide, highlight the continuing significance of these diseases on our lives and society, with the failures as meaningful as the successes.

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“…1 It is remarkable that in some clinics in the United Kingdom routine microscopy and urine gazing have been all but eliminated, whereas, in other clinics, it is the mainstay of diagnosis. 2,3 The ready availability now of accurate nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) testing of first-catch urine samples has precipitated a scrutiny of practice and procedures like never before. Twenty-five patients in this study have been diagnosed as having NGU on the basis of Gram-stained urine threads.…”

Section: The Value Of Testing Urine In Non-gonococcal Urethritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The study was conducted between November 1998 and February 1999 in tandem with an evaluation of a pilot scheme for social marketing pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge in drug shops, private clinics and pharmacies. 3 Drug shops made up a substantial percentage of outlets for the social marketing study that was conducted in six sites in Uganda: two divisions of Kampala and four rural districts (Jinja, Luweero, Mbarara and Masaka). Two trained interviewers were already operating at each site and were familiar with most of the drug shop staff.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incorporating drug shops in the management of sexually transmitted diseases: suggestions from a study in Uganda

Jacobs¹,

Pool

Whitworth

2005

Int J STD AIDS

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We have previously reported on the poor management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the formal and informal private-for-profit sector in Uganda, represented by clinics and drug shops, respectively. 1 Drug shops appeared to be consulted particularly by STD patients of the lower socioeconomic strata. In order to formulate strategies that may lead to improved STD management practices by drug shop staff, we conducted a study of their advice and dispensing practices. 2 The study was conducted between November 1998 and February 1999 in tandem with an evaluation of a pilot scheme for social marketing pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge in drug shops, private clinics and pharmacies. 3 Drug shops made up a substantial percentage of outlets for the social marketing study that was conducted in six sites in Uganda: two divisions of Kampala and four rural districts (Jinja, Luweero, Mbarara and Masaka). Two trained interviewers were already operating at each site and were familiar with most of the drug shop staff.The following research methods were employed:(1) One hundred and twenty-seven semi-structured interviews with drug shop staff (63 owners and 64 dispensers). Questions concerned qualifications of the dispenser, duration of employment and type of remuneration.(2) One hundred and eight simulated client visits by male interviewers who pretended to suffer from urethral discharge, requested 40 ampicillin capsules and queried the appropriateness of the antibiotic for their symptoms.(3) Participant observation whereby a median of 12 h (range 10-21 h) was spent in 26 drug shops, with a total observation time of 332 h during which 1291 customer-dispenser interactions were observed. In addition, the presence of expired drugs was assessed. (4) Seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 62 drug shop owners and dispensers.Of 127 drug shops, 90% were owned by holders of a degree in a medical subject as required by the National Drug Authority, 4 but 66% employed a dispenser, of whom 80% had a degree in a discipline related to medicine and 27% were paid a sales commission. The drug shop staff interviewed had worked a median of 20 months (range 1-120) in the drug shop, a median of 24 months for owners and 12 months for dispensers. Half the drug shops had an expiry date on all antibiotics, 42% on some and 8% on none; 46% sold expired drugs. Table 1 indicates the characteristics of the customers and their reasons for visiting a drug shop. Men tended to buy antibiotics, while women more often sought advice. The retail pharmacy behaviour for three areas of consultation is summarized in Table 2. Of the 106 customers disclosing the intended use of their antibiotics, a fifth (21) mentioned the treatment of an STD.In all, 18% of simulated clients were queried when they requested ampicillin. The need to treat their sexual partner and to use a condom or abstain from sex during treatment was mentioned to only 12% of the clients. Injections, which tend to be more lucrative than the sale of tablets, were propo...

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Social marketing of pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge (Clear Seven) in Uganda

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Communicating Safe Motherhood: Strategic Messaging in a Globalized World

Communicating Safe Motherhood: Strategic Messaging in a Globalized World

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV control efforts

Incorporating drug shops in the management of sexually transmitted diseases: suggestions from a study in Uganda

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