“…What makes this exertion extraordinary is the extent (read: intellectual strain) to which consultants and academics have gone to ensure the commercial and scholastic viability of the expression; some providing metrics (Boutilier and Thomson, 2011;Moffat and Zhang, 2014), some with definitional character (Wilburn and Wilburn, 2011;Prno and Slocombe, 2012;Moffat et al, 2015), and others with the elevated status of a pseudo-permitting instrument (Gunningham et al, 2004;Brueckner et al, 2014;Tarras-Wahlberg, 2014;Eberhard Falck, 2016). This is supported by an exponential growth in social policies, standards and guidelines in the global mining industry, many of which use, or indirectly refer to the term 'social license'.…”