Abstract-Personalized item recommendation enables the educational assessment system to make deliberate efforts to perform appropriate assessment strategies that !t the needs, purposes, preferences, and interests of individual teachers. This study presents a dynamically personalized itemrecommendation approach that is based on clustering inserve teachers with assessment compiling interest and preference characteristics to recommend available, best-fit candidate items to support teachers to construct their classroom assessment. A two-round assessment constructing activity was being adopted to collect and extract these teacher' assessment knowledge (item selected preference behaviors), and through the designed item-recommendation mechanism to facilitate IKMAAS [1] to recommend proper items to meet different individual in-serve teachers. To evaluate the effectiveness and usability for the cluster-based personalized item-recommendation, the assessment system log analysis and the questionnaire collected from participating teachers' perceptions were being used. The results showed the proposed item-recommendation approach based on clustered teachers' assessment knowledge can effectively improve their educational assessment construction.Index Terms-architectures for educational technology system; authoring tools and methods; elementary education; evaluation methodologies; human-computer interface
I. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATIONRecommender Systems and related recommender technology applications can provide personalized information services by adopting knowledge discovery (such as Bayesian networks, decision trees etc.) [2] or data mining techniques from the actions and attributes of users (personality factors, behavioral factors, etc.) [3] are now considered to be the most promising way wherein many domains ranging from electronic commerce to personalized service and knowledge management, they not only enable to present specific objects in accordance with the different users' interest or need on the basis of his or her known preferences or reference to those of other users with similar characteristics [4], but also could efficiently filter out the overload of information or provide favorable information when the users need to make decisions [5]. Likewise, the applications of recommendation have gradually appeared in the area of e-learning and e-education, it seems to be as "right-hand man of learners and instructors" which recommend the best-fit educational resources that directly meet the learning needs of different learners, or help the individual instructors making better teaching decisions