Social isolation increases morphine intake: behavioral and psychopharmacological aspects

Raz, Sivan; Berger, Barry D.

doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833470bd

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The findings from these studies are complicated by several factors including strain, age, length of isolation, and whether or not the housing conditions remain the same throughout the experiment or are changed during the course of the experiment. Rodents housed in isolation have been found to consume more ethanol (Deatherage 1972; Ehlers et al 2007; Juarez and Vazquez-Cortes 2003; Parker and Radow 1974; Wolffgramm and Heyne 1991; Yanai and Ginsburg 1976) and morphine (Raz and Berger 2010) compared to social housed rodents; however, other studies find the opposite with isolated rodents consuming less ethanol (Anacker et al 2011a; Doremus et al 2005; Thorsell et al 2005) and cocaine (Smith 2012) compared to social housed rodents, as well as other studies the found no difference in consumption between isolated and social-housed groups (Deatherage 1972; Kulkosky et al 1980; Schenk et al 1990). …”

Section: Social Experiences Occurring Within the Drug Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction

2012

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Rationale Social factors are important determinants of drug dependence and relapse. Objectives We reviewed preclinical literature examining the role of social experiences from early life through the development of drug dependence and relapse, emphasizing two aspects of these experiences: 1) whether the social interaction is appetitive or aversive and 2) whether the social interaction occurs within or outside of the drug-taking context. Methods The models reviewed include neonatal care, isolation, social defeat, chronic subordination, and prosocial interactions. We review results from these models in regard to effects on self-administration and conditioned place preference established with alcohol, psychostimulants, and opiates. Results We suggest that in general, when the interactions occur outside of the drug-taking context, prosocial interactions are protective against drug abuse-related behaviors whereas social stressors facilitate these behaviors. By contrast, positive or negative social interactions occurring within the drug-taking context may interact with other risk factors to enhance or inhibit these behaviors. Conclusions Despite differences in the nature and complexity of human social behavior compared to other species, the evolving animal literature provides useful models for understanding social influences on drug abuse-related behavior that will allow for research on the behavioral and biological mechanisms involved. The models have contributed to understanding social influences on initiation and maintenance of drug use, but more research is needed to understand social influences on drug relapse.

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Section: Social Experiences Occurring Within the Drug Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Raz and Berger (2010) have demonstrated that isolation increases oral consumption of morphine relative to social housing. In addition, when rats in this study were switched from social housing to isolation housing, they exhibited an increase in morphine consumption.…”

Section: Social Experiences Occurring Within the Drug Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction

2012

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“…Social interactions additionally enhance the rewarding effects of cocaine (Thiel et al ., 2008) and morphine (Cole et al ., 2013) in laboratory rodents. There is also robust evidence that chronic social isolation of laboratory rodents increases responsiveness to, intake of, and preference for drugs of abuse (e.g., Zimmerberg & Brett; 1992; Phillips et al ., 1994; Raz and Berger, 2010; Cain et al ., 2012; Westenbroek et al ., 2013; Whitaker et al ., 2013; Meyer & Bardo, 2015; Yorgason et al ., 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweetened ethanol drinking during social isolation: enhanced intake, resistance to genetic heterogeneity and the emergence of a distinctive drinking pattern in adolescent mice

Panksepp

Rodriguez

Ryabinin

2016

Genes Brain and Behavior

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With its ease of availability during adolescence, sweetened ethanol (‘alcopops’) is consumed within many contexts. We asked here whether genetically based differences in social motivation are associated with how the adolescent social environment impacts voluntary ethanol intake. Mice with previously described differences in sociability (BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, FVB/NJ and MSM/MsJ strains) were weaned into isolation or same-sex pairs (postnatal day 21), and then given continuous access to two fluids on postnatal days 34–45: One containing water and the other containing a ascending series of saccharin-sweetened ethanol (3-to-6-to-10%). Prior to the introduction of ethanol (postnatal days 30–33), increased water and food intake was detected in some of the isolation-reared groups, and controls indicated that isolated mice also consumed more ‘saccharin-only’ solution. Voluntary drinking of ‘ethanol-only’ was also higher in a subset of the isolated groups on postnatal days 46–49. However, sweetened ethanol intake was increased in all isolated strain-by-sex combinations irrespective of genotype. Surprisingly, blood ethanol concentration was not different between these isolate and socially housed groups 4 hours into the dark phase. Using lickometer-based measures of intake in FVB mice, we identified that a predominance of increased drinking during isolation transpired outside of the typical circadian consumption peak, occurring ≈8.5 hours into the dark phase, with an associated difference in blood ethanol concentration. These findings collectively indicate that isolate housing leads to increased consumption of rewarding substances in adolescent mice independently of their genotype, and that for ethanol this may be due to when individuals drink during the circadian cycle.

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“…A follow-up study demonstrated the importance of social housing during development, in that rats reared in isolation but tested in social conditions showed greater levels of morphine consumption than rats reared and tested in social conditions (Alexander et al, 1981). Later studies extended these findings across a range of morphine concentrations and found that a period of social interaction prior to testing reduced consumption in the isolated subjects (Hadaway et al, 1979; Raz and Berger, 2010b). Further, a recent study indicated that daily treatment with fluoxetine attenuated, whereas daily treatment with parachlorophenylalanine (a serotonin synthesis blocker) enhanced, the increased morphine consumption in isolated rats (Raz and Berger, 2010a).…”

Section: Effects Of the Presence Of A Social Peermentioning

confidence: 84%

Animal models of social contact and drug self-administration

Strickland

Smith

2015

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Social learning theories of drug abuse propose that individuals imitate drug use behaviors modeled by social peers, and that these behaviors are selectively reinforced and/or punished depending on group norms. Historically, animal models of social influence have focused on distal factors (i.e., those factors outside the drug-taking context) in drug self-administration studies. Recently, several investigators have developed novel models, or significantly modified existing models, to examine the role of proximal factors (i.e., those factors that are immediately present at the time of drug taking) on measures of drug self-administration. Studies using these newer models have revealed several important conclusions regarding the effects of social learning on drug abuse: 1) the presence of a social partner influences drug self-administration, 2) the behavior of a social partner determines whether social contact will increase or decrease drug intake, and 3) social partners can model and imitate specific patterns of drug self-administration. These findings are congruent with those obtained in the human laboratory, providing support for the cross-species generality and validity of these preclinical models. This mini-review describes in detail some of the preclinical animal models used to study social contact and drug self-administration to guide future research on social learning and drug abuse.

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Social isolation increases morphine intake: behavioral and psychopharmacological aspects

Cited by 48 publications

References 62 publications

Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction

Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction

Sweetened ethanol drinking during social isolation: enhanced intake, resistance to genetic heterogeneity and the emergence of a distinctive drinking pattern in adolescent mice

Animal models of social contact and drug self-administration

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