Social isolation in adults with cancer: An evolutionary concept analysis

Abstract

BackgroundIn extant literature, the concept of social isolation has been explored primarily in the context of older adults. However, people with cancer may also experience social isolation, and there is a need for increased clarity regarding this phenomenon in this population.ObjectiveTo conceptualize social isolation in adult cancer care.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were systematically searched using the key terms “cancer,” “social isolation,” “social alienation,” and “social exclusion” for studies (from the earliest date available to June 2022). The main disciplines involved were psychology, nursing, medicine, and public health. Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis was employed to clarify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of social isolation in adults with cancer.ResultsA total of 60 eligible articles were reviewed entirely and the main findings were categorized into antecedents, attributes, and consequences. The antecedents of social isolation were classified into six categories: cancer-related physiological changes, cognitive beliefs, psychological wellbeing, unsatisfactory social supports or relationships, restrictions associated with receiving treatments, and social-level barriers. Attributes were characterized according to behavior or social avoidance and negative affective experiences, while consequences were attributed to low therapeutic compliance, poor health conditions and mental health problems, and low quality of life. White’s heuristic model is a potential theoretical context applicable to social isolation in adults with cancer.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides a basis for developing multidimensional assessment tools and measures to alleviate social isolation in adults with cancer, a complex and varied phenomenon. However, while this review contributes to the current knowledge on social isolation in people with cancer, studies should further investigate the relationships among attributes associated with social isolation.

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“…99 A detailed analysis by Liang et al, of the effects of social isolation and loneliness on cancer patients has been published recently. 99…”

“…In contrast, a study by Koh‐Bell et al failed to confirm such an association 98 . Generally, studies suggest that social isolation can result in decreased therapeutic compliance, negative health conditions and mental health status, and a poor quality of life 99 . A detailed analysis by Liang et al, of the effects of social isolation and loneliness on cancer patients has been published recently 99 …”

Best practices for managing malodorous and infected wounds in advanced cervical cancer

“…Moreover, these wounds may result in excruciating agony and distress, further complicating the process of cancer treatment. 9,10 Wound management in advanced cervical cancer surpasses traditional treatment objectives. These are not intended to promote healing, as opposed to incisions in patients without cancer; rather, they are managed to alleviate symptoms, prevent infection and enhance quality of life.…”

“…Such consequences may include social isolation, melancholy and decline in self‐esteem, further compounding the considerable emotional strain associated with advanced cancer. Moreover, these wounds may result in excruciating agony and distress, further complicating the process of cancer treatment 9,10 …”