Social Interaction Behavior in ADHD in Adults in a Virtual Trust Game

Lis, Stefanie; Baer, Nina; Franzen, Nele; Hagenhoff, Meike; Gerlach, Maika; Koppe, Georgia; Sammer, Gebhard; Gallhofer, Bernd; Kirsch, Peter

doi:10.1177/1087054713482581

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…However, in both of the VR studies, we manipulated multiple aspects of verbal and non-verbal behaviour to achieve a large effect of trustworthiness and, therefore, detected a large effect on each of the virtual maze measures (Table 7). In Study 3, we manipulated trustworthiness in a more subtle way by making characters play fairly or unfairly in an investment game (Franzen et al, 2011; Lis et al, 2016), and we implemented a low-tech version of the maze task without VR. Perhaps, due to a combination of these design factors, the virtual maze task was not able to detect such strong effects in the third study (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, if a measure shows no correlation between two characters, then that suggests it is sensitive to specific trust rather than generalised trust. In the third study, we implemented a purer manipulation of trustworthiness using the investment game as a manipulation instead of a dependent measure, following two studies by Franzen et al (2011) and Lis et al (2016). In Study 3, we also programmed a low-tech version of the virtual maze task on a standard computer screen to demonstrate how the task could be used in standard laboratories without VR equipment or software.…”

Section: The Virtual Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

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The virtual maze: A behavioural tool for measuring trust

Hale

Payne

Taylor

et al. 2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Trusting another person may depend on our level of generalised trust in others, as well as perceptions of that specific person's trustworthiness. However, many studies measuring trust outcomes have not discussed generalised versus specific trust. To measure specific trust in others, we developed a novel behavioural task. Participants navigate a virtual maze and make a series of decisions about how to proceed. Before each decision, they may ask for advice from two virtual characters they have briefly interviewed earlier. We manipulated the virtual characters' trustworthiness during the interview phase and measured how often participants approached and followed advice from each character. We also measured trust through ratings and an investment game. Across three studies, we found participants followed advice from a trustworthy character significantly more than an untrustworthy character, demonstrating the validity of the maze task. Behaviour in the virtual maze reflected specific trust rather than generalised trust, whereas the investment game picked up on generalised trust as well as specific trust. Our data suggest the virtual maze task may provide an alternative behavioural approach to measuring specific trust in future research, and we demonstrate how the task may be used in traditional laboratories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Virtual Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

The virtual maze: A behavioural tool for measuring trust

Hale

Payne

Taylor

et al. 2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…We propose that the absence of fERN modulations in the ADHD children may be suggestive of an atypical brain reward processing that may reflect different cognitive strategies to solve the task, rather than an impaired SDM ability in these children. Although the literature examining SDM in ADHD is minimal, one behavioral study reported difficulties in ADHD adults in adapting their behavior to the fairness of a partner 56 . Similarly, emerging evidence indicates social cognition difficulties in ADHD 57 58 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural markers of social and monetary rewards in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

González-Gadea

Sigman

Rattazzi³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Recent theories of decision making propose a shared value-related brain mechanism for encoding monetary and social rewards. We tested this model in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control children. We monitored participants’ brain dynamics using high density-electroencephalography while they played a monetary and social reward tasks. Control children exhibited a feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN) modulation and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) source activation during both tasks. Remarkably, although cooperation resulted in greater losses for the participants, the betrayal options generated greater fERN responses. ADHD subjects exhibited an absence of fERN modulation and reduced ACC activation during both tasks. ASD subjects exhibited normal fERN modulation during monetary choices and inverted fERN/ACC responses in social options than did controls. These results suggest that in neurotypicals, monetary losses and observed disloyal social decisions induced similar activity in the brain value system. In ADHD children, difficulties in reward processing affected early brain signatures of monetary and social decisions. Conversely, ASD children showed intact neural markers of value-related monetary mechanisms, but no brain modulation by prosociality in the social task. These results offer insight into the typical and atypical developments of neural correlates of monetary and social reward processing.

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“…Patients with ADHD show greater problems in attention ( 81 – 83 ), motor control tasks, and working memory tasks ( 84 ). They also have difficulty inhibiting responses and make more risky decisions ( 85 , 86 ), their performance decreases when reinforcement is delayed, and they seem to be more sensitive to reward ( 87 ) and punishment ( 88 ). Likewise, several studies concluded that a relationship exists between ADHD and intrinsic factors such as male gender and greater number of hours a day in the use of video games; along this line, several studies found that playing more than 1 h per day may worsen ADHD symptoms ( 82 , 83 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serious Video Games: Angels or Demons in Patients With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Quasi-Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo carry out a quasi-systematic review of the use of serious video games for health as a cognitive rehabilitative tool in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.MethodA quasi-systematic review of serious video games used as an evaluative and rehabilitative tool in patients with ADHD was conducted. It included behavioral patterns in the use of video games and addiction problems in this population. For its elaboration the PRISMA GUIDES were followed. The search was carried out in three PubMed databases, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo using the keywords: [game OR serious game OR computer game) AND (psychotherapy OR rehabilitation OR intervention OR mental disorders) AND (adhd)], [(adhd) AND (Video game addiction)]. All articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese from January 1970 to June 2021 were included: those in which reference was made to the use of video games and/or new technologies as a therapeutic and evaluative tool in children and adults diagnosed with ADHD, as well as those that referred to behavioral and clinical patterns in the use of video games.ResultsWe found 605 articles of which 128 were reviewed (44 observational studies, 26 quasi-experimental studies, 26 experimental studies, 8 systematic reviews, 9 narrative texts, 6 case reports, 7 pilot studies, 8 systematic reviews, and 2 meta-analyses). Serious video games can be used to ameliorate ADHD symptoms while improving adherence to treatment. Some serious video games show high accuracy properties assessing ADHD features.ConclusionSerious video games for health are increasingly being used as a cognitive rehabilitation tool in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Systematic Review Registration[www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021247784].

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Social Interaction Behavior in ADHD in Adults in a Virtual Trust Game

Abstract: Alterations in interaction behavior and in the formation of a general attitude toward social partners could be shown in adults with ADHD.

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

The virtual maze: A behavioural tool for measuring trust

The virtual maze: A behavioural tool for measuring trust

Neural markers of social and monetary rewards in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Serious Video Games: Angels or Demons in Patients With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Quasi-Systematic Review

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