Social Interaction

Tronick, Ed; Barbosa, Miguel; Fuertes, Marina

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.23629-8

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Overall, our results support the predictions of the MRM [14]. Infant repeated attempts to regulate emotions during and after stressful situations are based both on their own efforts and others' support in achieving co-regulation [3,28]. These exchanges gradually modulate infant's expectations to rely on self or others to regulate their own emotions, contributing to the consolidation of a specific style of emotional regulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The concept of self-regulation entails children's ability to gain control of bodily functions and arousal, manage emotions (modify, inhibit, or maintain), and sustain focus and attention [1,2]. Young infants achieve self-regulation in the context of their interactions with the caregivers via mutual regulation or co-regulation [3]. During repeated everyday infant-caregiver social interactions, dyads learn to take turns in reciprocal interactions and to successfully repair interactive errors (mismatches) providing an opportunity for infants to develop interactive and self-regulatory skills (e.g., [4]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Mutual Regulatory Model (MRM), infants signal their needs, emotions, and intentions to their caregivers [14]. In turn, maternal sensitivity enhances the infant's exploratory behaviors, facilitates emotional regulation in distressing situations, and helps infants develop a self-soothing repertoire [3,15]. Therefore, in the context of positive interchanges, the sensitive caregivers tend to provide prompt and adequate scaffolding during the process of dyadic mismatches, matches, and reparation that promote the development of infant's self-regulation abilities [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family SES and maternal sensitivity predict infant patterns of regulatory behavior in Brazilian dyads

Ribeiro

Teodoro

Santos

et al. 2020

Early Human Development

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Infant's patterns of regulatory behavior contribute to infant socioemotional development and attachment. These behavioral patterns affect and are affected by the quality of mother-infant interaction. In most studies with full-term infants, the Social-Positive Oriented pattern (i.e., the infant's ability to soothe his/her emotions in the context of reciprocal and positive interactions) is the most prevalent pattern, followed by the Distressed-Inconsolable and by the Self-Comfort Oriented patterns. However, these patterns are understudied in other populations beyond the US and European countries. The current research addresses this gap by studying the regulatory behavior patterns and their association with mother-infant interactions in Brazilian dyads and evaluating the association of these regulatory patterns with demographics. Analyses were based on data collected for 40 infants (20 boys, 20 girls) and their mothers. Infants' regulatory behavior patterns were evaluated in the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm and mother-infant interaction was evaluated during free play at 3 months age. Notably, our findings indicate that Distressed-Inconsolable was the most prevalent pattern in this sample; followed by the Social-Positive Oriented and the Self-Comfort Oriented patterns. Furthermore, we found that maternal sensitivity and family SES (social-economic status) predicted infant patterns of regulatory behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family SES and maternal sensitivity predict infant patterns of regulatory behavior in Brazilian dyads

Ribeiro

Teodoro

Santos

et al. 2020

Early Human Development

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“…Several authors propose that infants gradually develop a capacity for emotion regulation via an infant-caregiver co-regulatory or a mutual regulatory system [ 4 ]. This system scaffolds infants´ immature regulatory skills and promotes the organization of dyadic regulatory patterns according to the successful dyadic reparation of interactive mismatches typically occurring in daily interactions [ 4 , 29 ]. Probably infant and dyadic-specific regulatory patterns are the result of a complex equation in which maternal and infant interactive-social behavior are especially relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of regulatory behavior in the still-face paradigm at 3 months: A comparison of Brazilian and Portuguese infants

et al. 2021

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Three infant regulatory behavior patterns have been identified during the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) in prior research samples: a Social-Positive Oriented pattern (i.e., infants exhibit predominantly positive social engagement), a Distressed-Inconsolable pattern (i.e., infants display conspicuous negative affect that persists or increases across FFSF episodes), and a Self-Comfort Oriented pattern (e.g., infants primarily engage in self-comforting behaviors such as thumb-sucking). However, few studies have examined these patterns outside US and European countries or evaluated potential cross-country differences in these patterns. In this study, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 Brazilian and 124 Portuguese infants in the FFSF at 3 months of age, and evaluated their links to demographic and birth variables. The prevalence of the three regulatory patterns varied by country. The most frequent pattern in the Portuguese sample was the Social-Positive Oriented, followed by the Distressed-Inconsolable and the Self-Comfort Oriented. However, in the Brazilian sample, the Distressed-Inconsolable pattern was the most prevalent, followed by the Social-Positive Oriented and the Self-Comfort Oriented. Moreover, in the Brazilian sample, familial SES was higher among infants with a Social-Positive pattern whereas 1st-minute Apgar scores were lower among Portuguese infants with a Distressed-Inconsolable Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior. In each sample, Social Positive pattern of regulatory behavior was associated with maternal sensitivity, Self-Comfort Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior with maternal control, and Distressed-Inconsolable pattern with maternal unresponsivity.

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“…The success or failure of immature infants' attempts to regulate emotions and behavior during social exchanges derives not only from their own efforts and age-possible capacities but also from the quality of support that caregivers provide in achieving dyadic co-regulation (Beeghly et al, 2016;Bigelow & Power, 2014). Infants' regulatory patterns consist of co-occurring emotional expressions and behaviors (e.g., positive and negative affect, gaze directed at or away from the caregiver, self-soothing behaviors such as thumb-sucking, and altered postures such as distancing; Tronick et al, 2019). Infants use these regulatory patterns to achieve specific social goals such as re-engaging the caregiver in social interaction following an interruption, or down-regulating distress (Shapiro et al, 1998).…”

Section: Patterns In Early Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

A self‐comfort oriented pattern of regulatory behavior and avoidant attachment are more likely among infants born moderate‐to‐late preterm

Fuertes

Gonçalves

Barbosa

et al. 2021

Infancy

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Infants born preterm (<37 gestational weeks, GW) are at increased risk for regulatory difficulties and insecure attachment. However, the association between infants' regulatory behavior patterns and their later attachment organization is understudied in the preterm population. We addressed this gap by utilizing a Portuguese sample of 202 mother-infant dyads. Specifically, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 infants born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT, 32-36 GW) to those of 128 infants born full-term (FT, 37-42 GW) and evaluated the associations of these regulatory patterns with later attachment. Infants' regulatory behavior patterns (Social-Positive Oriented, Distressed-Inconsolable, or Self-Comfort Oriented) were evaluated in the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm at 3 months, and their attachment organization (secure, insecureavoidant, or insecure-ambivalent) was evaluated in the Strange Situation at 12 months corrected age. In both samples, the Social-Positive-Oriented regulatory pattern

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Social Interaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

Family SES and maternal sensitivity predict infant patterns of regulatory behavior in Brazilian dyads

Family SES and maternal sensitivity predict infant patterns of regulatory behavior in Brazilian dyads

Patterns of regulatory behavior in the still-face paradigm at 3 months: A comparison of Brazilian and Portuguese infants

A self‐comfort oriented pattern of regulatory behavior and avoidant attachment are more likely among infants born moderate‐to‐late preterm

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