Social Influences in Animal Models of Opiate Addiction

Tomek, Seven E.

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.004

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Second, our analysis uncovered strong evidence for a mediating/buffering role of the Social Systems domain in AUD. Low Social Support and low Agreeableness were indirect causes of AUD severity and fully mediated the effect of cognition on the negative valence domain, providing strong empirical evidence that addiction models should incorporate measures of social function 32,33 . Epidemiological research has established a solid link between social affiliation and drug addiction 34 , and increased social affiliation is associated with decreased risk of relapse in drug users who are seeking treatment 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Given the low number of subjects with the highest symptom counts, it is unlikely that including a more fine-grained symptom count would have provided much additional information. It is therefore also likely that participants mostly had mild/moderate AUD severity, and that as the sample was young adults (age [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], this sample likely represents an early stage of AUD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrated multimodal model of alcohol use disorder generated by data-driven causal discovery analysis

2021

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has high prevalence and adverse societal impacts, but our understanding of the factors driving AUD is hampered by a lack of studies that describe the complex neurobehavioral mechanisms driving AUD. We analyzed causal pathways to AUD severity using Causal Discovery Analysis (CDA) with data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP; n = 926 [54% female], 22% AUD [37% female]). We applied exploratory factor analysis to parse the wide HCP phenotypic space (100 measures) into 18 underlying domains, and we assessed functional connectivity within 12 resting-state brain networks. We then employed data-driven CDA to generate a causal model relating phenotypic factors, fMRI network connectivity, and AUD symptom severity, which highlighted a limited set of causes of AUD. The model proposed a hierarchy with causal influence propagating from brain connectivity to cognition (fluid/crystalized cognition, language/math ability, & working memory) to social (agreeableness/social support) to affective/psychiatric function (negative affect, low conscientiousness/attention, externalizing symptoms) and ultimately AUD severity. Our data-driven model confirmed hypothesized influences of cognitive and affective factors on AUD, while underscoring that addiction models need to be expanded to highlight the importance of social factors, amongst others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated multimodal model of alcohol use disorder generated by data-driven causal discovery analysis

2021

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“…This might be caused by sensitization towards the administered fat. Sensitization is the opposite of tolerance, where there will be an increase in response when treated by a substance with the same dose continuously or repeated dose (Tomek & Olive, 2018). In addition, individual differences in TG concentrations can be influenced by differences in physiological sensitivity to the treatment or even the environment (André et al, 2018;Nistiar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Serum Tg Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Ulva lactuca</i> Linnaeus Potentially Promotes Reproductive Indices and Depressive-like Behavior of Hypertriglyceridemia Male Wistar Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i> Berkenhout, 1769)

Yulistiyanto

Hersasanti

Hartantyo

et al. 2020

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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Excessive consumption of fatty foods can lead to hyperlipidemia, which is often coupled with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), a condition where blood plasma triglyceride (TG) levels elevated beyond normal levels. This condition may disturb physiological functions of the body, such as reproductive functions, and other physiological imbalances leading to chronic stress and depression. Ulva lactuca is a potential natural treatment for HTG, as it contains various nutrients to aid physiological functions. This seaweed also has high levels of Cd, which can increase depression. Therefore, research on the potential benefits of U. lactuca should be followed by an investigation of its health risks. This research aimed to examine the effects of HTG and treatment with U. lactuca on reproduction and depressive-like behavior of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). The data collected in this research include body weight, serum TG concentration, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum testosterone concentration using competitive ELISA, and depressive-like behaviors assessed using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Open Field Test (OFT). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by DMRT, independent- and paired-samples t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test with a significance value of α=0.05. Body weight, serum TG and testosterone concentration, GSI, and depressive-like behaviors were increased by the HTG condition. Ulva lactuca at the1500 mg/kg BW/day did not significantly affect body weight, testosterone concentration, and depressive-like behaviors of HTG rats. Meanwhile, this treatment significantly increased the GSI and depressive-like behaviors of healthy rats. These results suggest that Ulva lactuca treatment not only enhances gonad growth and development but also increases depressive-like behaviors.

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“…In addition, the value associated to specific objects or events at a particular moment in life may diminish as other objects or events become more valuable to that individual (Granfield & Cloud, 2001). The effects of a highly rewarding substance or behavior (e.g., gambling) may thus dominate the natural rewards obtained from social interactions (Tomek & Olive, 2018;Volkow, Baler, & Goldstein, 2011). As an example, animal experiments showed that administering benzodiazepine midazolam to rats reduced their helping behaviors toward a trapped conspecific (Ben-Ami .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions

Tomei

Studer

Gmel

2021

JBA

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Background and aimsSocial determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.MethodsA sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.ResultsCompared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.Discussion and conclusionsA better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.

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Social Influences in Animal Models of Opiate Addiction

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

An integrated multimodal model of alcohol use disorder generated by data-driven causal discovery analysis

An integrated multimodal model of alcohol use disorder generated by data-driven causal discovery analysis

<i>Ulva lactuca</i> Linnaeus Potentially Promotes Reproductive Indices and Depressive-like Behavior of Hypertriglyceridemia Male Wistar Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i> Berkenhout, 1769)

Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions

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