The novelty of the article consists of the analysis of the Global Value Chains (GVC) which are the result of the development of vertical cooperation, the main actors of which are international, multinational and transnational companies (TNCs). The research is based on the system methodology as a part of the modern GVCs concepts. The researchers have marked the COVID-19 pandemic as a turning point that has had a significant impact on GVCs and therefore on economic globalization. They prove the changing character of GVCs from transcontinental to regional, acquiring the features of horizontal cooperation and contributing to the development of economic cooperation of economic entities of territorially bordering countries. The impact of GVCs on the development of the countries of the Eurasian region was evaluated from the point of view of further economic cooperation and integration. The role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a platform for discussion and development of cooperation mechanisms of its member states is defined.