Social inequality in coronary risk: Central obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Evidence from the Whitehall II study

Brunner, Eric J.; Marmot, Michael; Nanchahal, Kiran; Shipley, MJ; Stansfeld, Stephen; Juneja, Maneesh; Alberti, K. G. M. M.

doi:10.1007/s001250050830

Cited by 373 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

280

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…27 Early development during childhood of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease differs between populations, 28,29 and several studies have shown that SES strongly influences the risk of such diseases. 25,30 Health inequalities are most prominent during childhood, 31 and SES inequalities may influence risk of cardiovascular diseases and health. 32,33 In addition, data published indicate that SES differences in adolescent health influence diet quality and both dietary and physical activity patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale: Environmental factors such as dietary habits, breastfeeding, socioeconomic conditions and educational factors are strong influences on nutritional and puberty status, physical activity, food choices and their interactions. Several diseases of adulthood seem to be linked to, or to originate from, lifestyle in childhood and adolescence. Objective: The aims of this study are to describe birth parameters and socioeconomic factors and to assess clinical status in adolescents aged 13-16 years from 10 European countries participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Cross-Sectional Study (CSS). Methodology: A self-report questionnaire on the socioeconomic status, a parental questionnaire concerning neonatal period and also a case report form (CRF), in which clinical items during clinical examination (such as medical history, treatments, anthropometry, Tanner staging, blood pressure, heart rate) were assessed. To develop these documents, first a list of items was established, a search of existing documents was performed and the advice of local and international experts was taken. All documents (questionnaires and an operations manual) were discussed in plenary HELENA meetings; a final version of these documents was fixed, and the process of translation and back translation was performed. Results:The questionnaires and CRF were tested for validation in all 10 participant cities; 208 adolescents were enrolled during the pilot study. All items that caused problems or questions in one or more participating centers or were completed by o 85% of the adolescents were reviewed before the beginning of the HELENA-CSS. Conclusion: These final questionnaires and CRF will contribute to better understanding of the inequalities in nutrition, behavior and health in the European adolescent population. The experience and process should be useful for other multicenter studies.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few studies to date have controlled for the effect of obesity on the social gradient of risk of type 2 diabetes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early growth and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis: We assessed whether low birthweight or early adiposity rebound was more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, and whether any effect of low birthweight or early adiposity rebound was explained by adult BMI, adult height, social class of subject or of his/her father, or maternal or paternal diabetes. Methods: Cox's proportional hazard models were used on data from the National Birth Cohort Study (the MRC National Survey of Health and Development), which was begun in 1946 and had self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes with age at onset ranging from 31 to 53 years (n=78 cases, and n=47 cases in the multivariate analysis) as the outcome. Results: A U-shaped association between birthweight and type 2 diabetes rates was close to statistical significance (quadratic term p value=0.08). Younger age at adiposity rebound was associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes (test for trend p=0.002), the association being robust to adjustment for each of sex, birthweight, weight at 2 years, father's social class, parental diabetes, and own social class. The effect of early adiposity rebound was very slightly reduced by adjustment for sex and adult height (p=0.003), but considerably reduced after adjustment for sex and adult BMI (test for trend p=0.1), and further reduced (p=0.4) after additional adjustment for birthweight, weight at 2 years, adult height, social class of subject and of his/her father, and parental diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation: Early adiposity rebound was associated with an increased rate of type 2 diabetes independently of birthweight, but its effect was mostly through high adult BMI. Parental diabetes and possibly low weight at 2 years were also risks.

show abstract

“…A recent study in British women aged 60-79 y did not Obesity and life course socioeconomic conditions in the elderly E Regidor et al find an association between abdominal obesity and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood, but did find an inverse gradient with socioeconomic circumstances in adulthood . In addition, socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and adulthood showed an inverse association with waist size in adult women in a British study based on the Whitehall II cohort born between 1930 and 1953 (Brunner et al, 1997(Brunner et al, , 1999. In men, no association was observed with childhood socioeconomic circumstances, and the association with adult socioeconomic circumstances disappeared after adjusting for conditions in childhood (Brunner et al, 1997).…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies and Possible Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and adulthood showed an inverse association with waist size in adult women in a British study based on the Whitehall II cohort born between 1930 and 1953 (Brunner et al, 1997(Brunner et al, , 1999. In men, no association was observed with childhood socioeconomic circumstances, and the association with adult socioeconomic circumstances disappeared after adjusting for conditions in childhood (Brunner et al, 1997). In another study made in the adult population in Australia, the prevalence of abdominal obesity also showed an inverse association with socioeconomic circumstances in adulthood in women, but no association in men (Ball et al, 2002).…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies and Possible Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and socioeconomic position measured at three stages of the life course in the elderly

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To investigate the association between socioeconomic position, measured at three stages of the life course, and obesity in the elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out in [2000][2001]. Subjects: In total, 4009 subjects aged 60 y and older, representative of the Spanish noninstitutionalised population. Research Methods and Procedures: We estimated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) by social class in childhood, by educational level and by adult social class, as well as the association between these two obesity measures and each socioeconomic characteristic after adjusting for the other two. Results: In men, no relation was found between the two measures of obesity studied and socioeconomic circumstances throughout the life course. Nor was any relation found in women between social class in childhood and the two measures of obesity after adjusting for the other two socioeconomic variables. In contrast, BMI and WC in women showed a statistically significant inverse gradient with educational level and with adult social class after adjusting for age and the rest of the socioeconomic variables. Conclusions: In general, these results support the small amount of existing evidence on the association between obesity and abdominal obesity and socioeconomic position by educational level and adult social class. The results for social class in childhood do not support the existing evidence, and suggest that this association may depend on specific historic and cultural circumstances.

show abstract

Social inequality in coronary risk: Central obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Evidence from the Whitehall II study

Cited by 373 publications

References 52 publications

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

Early growth and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort

Obesity and socioeconomic position measured at three stages of the life course in the elderly

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About