Social Inequality and the Dynamics of Political and Ethnolinguistic Divides in Pakistan, 1970–2018

Gethin, Amory; MEHMOOD, SULTAN; PIKETTY, THOMAS

doi:10.2307/j.ctv209xnfn.13

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While class cleavages clearly materialized in Thailand and Malaysia, they have been more variable in the Philippines and have dwindled in Indonesia. We argue that these differences in class polarization can be better understood in light of the strength of other cleavages (in particular ethnic, religious, and regional cleavages) and of the extent to which these cleavages have interacted with socioeconomic concerns, consistently with what we observe in many other democracies, for instance in Pakistan (Gethin, Mehmood & Piketty 2020), in East Asia (Durrer de la Sota & Gethin 2021), or in Sub-Saharan Africa (Baleyte, Gethin, Govind & Piketty 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

12. Democratization and the Construction of Class Cleavages in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, 1992–2019

Gethin¹,

Jenmana²

2021

Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities

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This paper analyzes how democratization in Southeast Asia has led to the politicization of social and economic inequalities since the 1990s. Drawing on political attitudes surveys, we document how historical legacies, the structure of inequality, and institutional dynamics contributed to differentially structure political cleavages in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Ethnic inequalities in Malaysia and regional inequalities in Thailand played a key role in fostering the emergence of strong class divides in these two countries. In Indonesia, by contrast, the rise of new parties mainly used as political vehicles to support their leaders has eroded pre-existing religious and socioeconomic cleavages. The Philippines' highly unstable party system led to a third trajectory, whereby class divides have been strong, but have lacked the conditions required for their institutionalization and stabilization over time.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

12. Democratization and the Construction of Class Cleavages in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, 1992–2019

Gethin¹,

Jenmana²

2021

Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities

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“…While partially congruent to the religious cleavage, this divide appears to have a strong socioeconomic dimension. This class cleavage differs significantly from that observed in other Muslim-majority countries studied, such as Pakistan where the secular left has historically been supported by low-income voters and by the poorer Sindhi ethnic group (Gethin et al 2020).…”

Section: The Rise Of "Inverted" Class Cleavages?contrasting

confidence: 67%

19. Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990–2019

Assouad¹,

Gethin²,

Piketty³

et al. 2021

Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities

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This paper draws on political attitudes surveys to document the evolution of political cleavages in light of inequality dynamics in Algeria (2002), Iraq (2005), and Turkey (1991. We investigate how social divides and ethno-religious conflicts shape voting behaviors in these three countries through their interaction with the voting system and the structure of inequalities. Our findings suggest that identity-based voting remains highly interconnected with social disparities and does not offer extensive explanatory power on its own, except in the extreme case of the Iraqi sectarian political system. Socioeconomic factors play a differentiated role depending on the historical and institutional context and have increasingly been at the heart of popular mobilizations outside of the electoral arena. 1 We are grateful to Ishac Diwan, Dalia Ghanem and Clara Martínez-Toledano for their useful advices.

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Analysing the voting cluster of political parties: A case study of Lahore district (1970-2013)

Munir

2021

Lib. Arts Soc. Sci. Int. J.

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A voting cluster is a connotation that denotes party loyalty rather than ethnic and social cleavages. The theory of voting cluster surfaces when the units of analysis are characterized by political parties and the voter instead of their nomenclatures. This makes this study significant and different given that it highlights the value of shifting the primary focus away from the nomenclature. With the nomenclature changing in every election, it is likely that political parties, their features, and trajectories are misconstrued. Thus, looking at the voting cluster of each political party and analyzing of these clusters data, gathered from different surveys and reports, provide a deeper and accurate understanding of voting patterns. This approach of voting cluster provides us an additional platform for analysis along with the conventional focus on nomenclatures of political parties. The focus of study is to evaluate the changing pattern of voting clusters and their shift from one party to another. The qualitative content analysis research method has been used to understand the cluster pattern and why a voting cluster make or break from one party to other. The study maintains that there is no standalone factor that helps a political party to sustain a voting cluster.

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Social Inequality and the Dynamics of Political and Ethnolinguistic Divides in Pakistan, 1970–2018

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

12. Democratization and the Construction of Class Cleavages in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, 1992–2019

12. Democratization and the Construction of Class Cleavages in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, 1992–2019

19. Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990–2019

Analysing the voting cluster of political parties: A case study of Lahore district (1970-2013)

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